Hermann family correspondence

Julius Hermann (1878-1941) was born in Bredow, near Stettin, Germany (Szczecin, Poland). He married Sophie Klein (1884-1942, b. Berlin, to Wolf and Johanna Klein) in Belin in 1908. They moved to Ingolstadt where Julius joined Sophie’s brother in running a men’s clothing store called Bruder Klein. They lived above the store, had a middle class lifestyle, and attended synagogue. They had three children: Gerda (b. 10/31/1909), Kurt (b. 4/20/1913), and Kate (Käthe, b. 8/17/1916). Kate became a kindergarten teacher, married Paul Bohrmann, and emigrated to New York in May 1938. Her husband followed in April 1939 when he received his visa. The rest of the family relocated to Munich in 1938. Kurt Hermann worked creating signs and decorating department stores in Munich and married Gertrude Bickart (1916-2008) in June 1938. Gertrude’s parents were Otto Bickart (1874-1936), a physician who had served in World War I, and Elise Löwenstein Bickart (1888-1941). She had two siblings: Helene Bickart Stricks (1912-2004) and Alfred Bickart (1913-1997). Gertrude was a kindergarten teacher and photographer and was sent to Spain to work as a nanny for a doctor’s family when laws restricting Jews came into effect in Germany. Due to the war there, however, she was soon sent back to Germany. Kurt and Gertrude left Germany in September 1938, lived for about two years in Cuba, and immigrated to the United States in 1940. They settled in Florida and owned and operated Pronto Photos Camera Stores in Pensacola. In 1939 Julius, Sophie, and Gerda secured passage aboard the MS St. Louis to Cuba to join Kurt and Gertrude. They were not allowed to disembark in Cuba, and were instead sent to Belgium where they lived in a one-room apartment. At some point around 1940, Julius, Sophie, and Gerda were on a train to France which was bombed, were seriously injured, and were hospitalized in France until they had recovered enough to travel back to Brussels. Julius had a heart attack and died on August 19, 1941 in Brussels. In 1942 Sophie and Gerda were deported from Mechelen (Malines) to Auschwitz, where they perished. Gertrude’s brother Alfred immigrated to the United States in 1937. Her sister Helene was sent to Bergen Belsen, where she witnessed the killing of her husband Joseph. She survived five years in Bergen Belsen and was liberated by the Soviets. Gertrude’s mother, Elise was deported from Munich in November 1941 and shot at the Ninth Fort in Kaunas.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Charlotte Janis

Charlotte Janis, daughter of Kurt and Gertrude Hermann, donated the Hermann family papers to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012.