Recovered fragment of a desecrated tombstone honoring a Greek Jewish soldier

Identifier
irn43726
Language of Description
English
Alt. Identifiers
  • 2011.109.2
Level of Description
Item
Languages
  • Ladino
Source
EHRI Partner

Extent and Medium

overall: Height: 28.375 inches (72.073 cm) | Width: 20.375 inches (51.753 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

Archival History

The tombstone was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2011 by the Jewish Community of Thessaloniki.

Acquisition

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Jewish Community of Thessaloniki

Funding Note: The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.

Scope and Content

Partial white tombstone recovered from the Jewish cemetery in Thessaloniki, Greece, desecrated in December 1942 during the German occupation by Greek authorities and collaborators. This marker has a Judeo-Spanish inscription in Rashi script, dedicated to Liaos (Elihau) Mevorah, one of the 513 Greek Jews who were killed in combat from 1940-1941 during the war to resist the invasion of Greece by Germany and Italy. This cemetery was the largest Jewish cemetery in the world, in a city that had one of the longest continuous Jewish communities in existence. By 1940, it had around 400,000-500,000 tombs. On April 6, 1941, Germany and Italy invaded and Greece was divided; Germany controlled Thessaloniki in west Macedonia. In July 1942, most Jewish male residents were taken for forced labor. The Jewish Community paid an enormous ransom to free the men and to prevent the destruction of the cemetery. On December 6, 1942, workers were sent by the Municipality of Thessaloniki to destroy the cemetery. No graves were left undisturbed. The tombstones were destroyed, the graves looted, and the bones of the dead scattered. Tombstones were taken and used as road fill and for construction by the government and local populace. It was the only major Jewish cemetery in Europe to be completely destroyed during the war.

Conditions Governing Access

No restrictions on access

Conditions Governing Reproduction

No restrictions on use

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Rectangular, offwhite, polished tombstone of offwhite stone with an arched top. The arch curves outward at the base to form a rectangle with straight, fairly smooth side edges, with gouged cut marks. Carved on the front are 8 lines of Judeo-Spanish text (Ladino) in Rashi script, with yellow discoloration. A circular bolt hole is cut near the shoulders of the arch. The back is flat, rough, and unfinished. There are concrete remnants along the bottom edge.

front, carved : Ladino text [In the holy memory [erected] / by Lion Mevorach / in memory of his brother / Eliahu Moshe Mevorach / heroically fallen in battle 5701 .... 12 / March 11 1941

Subjects

Genre

This description is derived directly from structured data provided to EHRI by a partner institution. This collection holding institution considers this description as an accurate reflection of the archival holdings to which it refers at the moment of data transfer.