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Displaying items 101 to 120 of 1,140
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  1. Two-sided drawing of men in a canteen and a portrait of a woman by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn119
    • English
    • 1940
    • a: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm) b: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Drawings of men in a canteen and a woman at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewis...

  2. FNDIRP blue and white striped stickpin owned by a French Jewish survivor

    1. Yvonne Rothschild Redgis and Gertrude Fraenkel (Fränkel) family collection

    FNDIRP blue and white striped stickpin owned by Yvonne Klug Redgis, a French resistance member who was imprisoned in France and in Auschwitz concentration camp from 1943-1945. FNDIRP (Federation Nationale des Deportes et Internes, Resistances et Patriotes) is an association formed in France after the war by those who returned from the camps and those who resisted the German occupiers to honor their service and the memory of those who did not survive. The pin has an enameled prisoner number 178284 and the stripes are reminiscent of concentration camp uniforms. France surrendered to and was o...

  3. Pin issued to a camp survivor with Buchenwald memorial Bell Tower and flags

    1. Elja Heifecs collection

    Commemorative pin issued to Elja Heifecs, a former inmate of Buchenwald concentration camp, by the GDR (German Democratic Republic / East Germany) in 1969 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Buchenwald on April 11, 1945. The pin is decorated with the memorial Bell Tower built on the site in 1958 by East Germany and the flags of the eighteen countries whose citizens were imprisoned and killed there during the Holocaust. In July 1941, Germany declared war on the Soviet Union and invaded Latvia which had been annexed by the Soviets in 1940. A vicious pogrom was unleashed u...

  4. Metric wooden ruler owned by a young Austrian Jewish refugee girl

    1. Appenzeller and Dukes families collection

    Metric, wooden ruler used by Erna Appenzeller in her Montessori school in Vienna, Austria, while in fourth grade. Erna was a young girl living with her parents in Austria, when the country was annexed by Germany on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. The school that Erna attended was shut down, members of the Jewish community were arrested, and her father’s business was taken and Arayanized. In August 1939, Erna’s parents acquired visas and were able to go to Milan, Italy. On June 10, 1940, Italy entered World War II as a German al...

  5. Hockenheimer, Loewenthal, Fraenkel, and Brock families papers

    1. Hockenheimer, Loewenthal, Fraenkel, and Brock families collection

    The Hockenheimer, Loewenthal, Fraenkel, and Brock families papers include photographs, family trees, biographical materials, identification papers, certificates, school records, immigration and naturalization records, correspondence, and research materials relating to Ralph Martin Hockley (formerly Rudolf Martin Hockenheimer), Eva Fraenkel Hockley, and their families from Germany. The papers document the Hockenheimer family’s experiences seeking refuge in France, working with the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), and immigrating to the United States via Trinidad; and the Fraenkel f...

  6. Bifold document case for a certificate issued to Juliette Usach by Yad Vashem

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Document case for a certificate (.2a) awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being ...

  7. FFI Free French pin engraved 193476 awarded to a Jewish resistance member

    1. Yvonne Rothschild Redgis and Gertrude Fraenkel (Fränkel) family collection

    FFI (Forces Francaises de l'Interieur/ French Forces of the Interior) pin awarded to Yvonne Klug by the Committee of Liberation on July 7, 1946, for her acts of resistance against the German occupiers of France. Yvonne was imprisoned for her resistance activities in France and in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp from 1943-1945. FFI was a confederation of French resistance organizations. The pin is engraved with the number 193476 and features the double barred Cross of Lorraine, a symbol of the resistance. France surrendered to and was occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1940. Yvonne was a...

  8. France Forever laminated pin with a V and US & French flags owned by a Jewish French resistance member

    1. Yvonne Rothschild Redgis and Gertrude Fraenkel (Fränkel) family collection

    France Forever (France Quand-Meme) laminated pin owned by Yvonne Klug Redgis, a French resistance member who was imprisoned in France and in Auschwitz concentration camp from 1943-1945. The paper pin has a graphic design with the Cross of Lorraine, a symbol of French resistance, a V for victory, and intertwined US and French flags. French Forever, the fighting French Comittee in America, was an association of French persons in the US and American friends of France who supported the Free French and provisional government. France surrendered to and was occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1940. Y...

  9. ATA (Air Transport Auxiliary) lapel badge owned by a Jewish member of the French resistance

    1. Yvonne Rothschild Redgis and Gertrude Fraenkel (Fränkel) family collection

    ATA (Air Transport Auxiliary) ground support staff lapel pin owned by Yvonne Klug Redgis, a French resistance member who was imprisoned in France and in Auschwitz concentration camp from 1943-1945. ATA was a multinational civilian organization of volunteer pilots that ferried British warplanes from factories to the frontlines. The pin bears the motto Unique et Ubique and features an eagle and intertwined British and French flags. France surrendered to and was occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1940. Yvonne was arrested by the Gestapo for her resistance work on September 1, 1943, in the Rivier...

  10. Righteous Among the Nations medal awarded to a French children’s home director

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Medal awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being imprisoned in internment camps. ...

  11. Army film showing US involvement in war from 1917 to 1938

    Orientation Film no. 7, Reel 3. International events cause the US to enter into World War II. A crane moves a large object. Aerial views of highways and tall buildings. People pour out of subway stations and masses walk along the street. Men, women and children walk into a church and various shots of them attending service. The narrator talks of war and how Americans "bend over backwards to avoid it." Cars pass on the street and a beach is crowded with people. A presumably dead body lies in a field and a few others float up to a desolate shore. 05:02:48 A tile card reads "1917." Several can...

  12. Peter and Berta Victor papers

    1. Peter Victor family collection

    The Peter and Berta Victor papers consist of an autograph book, biographical materials, correspondence, printed materials, restitution files, and writings documenting Peter and Berta Victor, their families, and their lives in Berlin, Vienna, Shanghai, and the United States. The autograph book belonged to Peter Victor and contains a handful of entries from friends and family members. Biographical materials consist of family trees; identification papers; birth, marriage, and death certificates; affidavits; employment records; and letters of recommendation documenting Peter and Berta Victor, P...

  13. Presentation box for medal awarded to a French children’s home director

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Presentation box for medal awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being imprisoned ...

  14. Two-sided drawing of bunk space and two men by by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn113
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.125 inches (15.558 cm) | Width: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm)

    Double-sided sketch of a bunk and two men in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewi...

  15. Honorary certificate issued to Juliette Usach by Yad Vashem

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Certificate awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being imprisoned in internment c...

  16. Two-sided drawing of a man reading and two figures sitting by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn128
    • English
    • 1942
    • pictorial area: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm) overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm)

    Double-sided pencil drawing of inmates in Les Milles internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy, France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for ...

  17. Drawing of five women in front of barracks by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn141
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.125 inches (15.558 cm) | Width: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm)

    Ink drawing of five women near the barracks in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy, France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for J...

  18. Drawing of men working on a roof by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn123
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm) | Width: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm)

    Ink drawing of Spanish refugees working on the women’s barracks at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy, France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an int...

  19. The Shit Brigade Taking a Break Drawing of five men near train tracks by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn125
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.625 inches (14.287 cm) | Width: 8.625 inches (21.908 cm)

    Ink drawing of five men taking a break at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy, France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish...

  20. Itzkowic-Goldberg family. Collection

    This collection contains: a pre-war photo of Salomon Itzkowic posing with friends in a car ; one postcard and four letters sent by Esther Goldberg and her children Achim Itzkowic, Berthold Siegmund Itzkowic and Arthur Itzkowic in Antwerp to their husband and father Salomon Itzkowic in the Saint-Cyprien and Argelès-sur-Mer internment camps in France (August to December 1940) ; Salomon Itzkowic's certificate of registration in the United Kingdom, 1946 ; a post-war statement by Salomon Itzkowic on his family history.