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Displaying items 1,041 to 1,060 of 1,270
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Item type: Archival Descriptions

  1. Small drawing of a church and graveyard by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil drawing of a church facade and a graveyard drawn by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish and in 1935, she was fired from her job due to a government decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for En...

  2. Small suitcase carried by a Jewish boy from Berlin to England on a Kindertransport

    Small suitcase carried by thirteen year old Max Dobriner (later Geoffrey Dickson) in July 1939 when he was sent by his parents Julius and Hertha from Germany to Great Britain on a Kindertransport.

  3. Small suitcase with a metal handle used by a Jewish Austrian physician

    1. Salzmann family collection

    Stollwerck suitcase used by Berthold Salzmann as he emigrated from Vienna, Austria to England and then to the United States. Berthold and his sister Ernesta were medical students at the University of Vienna throughout the 1930s. On March 13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria and created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Consequently, Berthold graduated but was unable to practice medicine and Ernesta was unable to graduate. Berthold was selected for a refugee program organized by the Central British Fund for German Jewry, and immigrated to England early in 1939. He was held at the Kitc...

  4. Small yellow suitcase used by a young German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Small yellow suitcase used by 6 year old Franziska (Ruth) Danzig when her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parent found a Jewish foster family, the Paste...

  5. Soap bar acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee working for the WJC

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Bar of soap likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. He was told that it had been made from murdered Jews, although this is not true. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help family members escape Europe, but Erich lo...

  6. Spanish Refugee Woman Portrait in profile of a woman by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn155
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.120 inches (28.245 cm) | Width: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) pictorial area: Height: 10.620 inches (26.975 cm) | Width: 8.250 inches (20.955 cm)

    Drawing by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Lili, originally from Berlin, moved to Paris in 1938...

  7. Speculum owned by a German emigre and US Army medic

    Speculum used by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno immigrated to the US in August. Margaret was a Jewish athlete who was banned from competing in the Olympics by the Nazi authorities, and subsequently immigrated to...

  9. Square clip-on Daimon battery operated flashlight acquired by a British officer

    1. Cyprus detention camp collection

    German battery operated flashlight given to or found by Lt. D.P. Grehan, Royal Irish Fusiliers, British Army, who served as a commanding officer in Karaolos detention camp in Cyprus from March 1947 to June 1948. This type of hanging flashlight was manufactured from the 1930s-40s by the German company Daimon, and was often used by the German military. The internees were Ma'apilim, illegal immigrants, most Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, captured while trying to reach Eretz Israel without permission from the British. Great Britain controlled Palestine under a United Nations mandate and enf...

  10. St. Louis and Milwaukee Poster advertising the flagships of the Hamburg-Amerika Line

    1. German poster collection

    German advertisement poster for the Hamburg-America Line’s transatlantic liners, St. Louis and Milwaukee. On May 13, 1939, the St. Louis set sail from Hamburg, Germany with 937 passengers, almost all of whom were Jews fleeing the Third Reich. The majority of the passengers had applied for US visas, and planned to stay in Cuba until they could enter the United States. However, shortly before the ship set sail, Cuba invalidated the landing permits and transit visas of the Jewish refugee passengers. When the St. Louis arrived in Cuba on May 27, the Cuban government only allowed 28 passengers i...

  11. Stairs in the Palace of Phaistos Drawing of stairs in the Palace of Phaistos by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of stairs in the ancient palace of Phaistos, Greece, created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, bu...

  12. Star of David patch worn by a German Jewish concentration camp inmate

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Judenstern badge worn by Hans Finke, a concentration camp survivor who became an aid worker after the war. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. Jews were forced out of their jobs and their businesses were confiscated. In February 1943, Hans, 23, an electrician by trade, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was hospitalized with appendicitis. On February 29, his parents were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz. On March 8, the Gestapo raided the hospital and arrested staff and p...

  13. Star of David patch worn by a German Jewish concentration camp inmate

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Judenstern badge worn by Hans Finke, a concentration camp survivor who became an aid worker after the war. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. Jews were forced out of their jobs and their businesses were confiscated. In February 1943, Hans, 23, an electrician by trade, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was hospitalized with appendicitis. On February 29, his parents were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz. On March 8, the Gestapo raided the hospital and arrested staff and p...

  14. Star of David stickpin worn postwar by a former concentration camp inmate and refugee aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Commemorative stickpin worn postwar by Hans Finke, a concentration camp inmate who became an aid worker after the war. It has a Star of David on a blue and white striped field representing the flag of Israel. Hans was at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945. An electrician by trade, he began working for the British and then various aid groups after it became a displaced persons camp. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. In February 1943, Hans, 23...

  15. Stefanie and Walter Simon and Max Auerbach: family papers

    This collection contains the personal papers of Walter and Stefanie Simon and Stefanie's father Max Auerbach, Jewish refugees who were forced to flee Germany in the mid 1930s because of the increasing difficulties in earning a living.Personal papers including Max Auerbach's school reports, qualifications, death certificate, two Iron Cross medals (1914-1918) and internment badges; Stefanie Simon's identify cards and passport, CV, school reports and qualifications,  birth, marriage and naturalisation certificates as well as photographs, internment badge and family history report; and Wal...

  16. Stefi Geisel papers

    1. Gustav and Stefi Geisel collection

    The Stefi Geisel papers consist of biographical materials, correspondence, photographic materials, printed materials, and writings documenting the lives of the Siegel and Geisel families in Germany before the war, Stefi and Gus Geisel’s immigration to the United States, and Walter Siegel’s experiences in the Netherlands before his deportation and death at Bergen Belsen. Biographical materials consist of yahrzeit calendars for Hedwig and Martin Moritz and Siegfried Siegel, death announcements for Hedwig Moritz and Walter Siegel, Gustav Geisel’s 1933 driver’s license, a birth certificate and ...

  17. Stein marching compass in a hinged case acquired by a British officer

    1. Cyprus detention camp collection

    German marching compass in a hinged Bakelite case acquired by Lt. D.P. Grehan, a Royal Irish Fusilier in the British Army who served as a commanding officer in a Karaolos detention camp on Cyprus from March 1947 to June 1948. This compass was manufactured by the German company Carl von Stein around 1939, and often used by the German military. It is likely a variation of the TYP 39, although it does not have a sighting slot cut into the lid or inner disk. The internees were Ma'apilim, illegal immigrants, most Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, captured while trying to reach Eretz Israel with...

  18. Stephanie Brady and Walter and Paula Bolton: personal papers

    Readers should reserve a reading room terminal to access this digital contentThis collection contains the personal papers of Viennese Jewish refugees Walter and Paula Bolton, and Steffi Brady (née Kohn).

    Personal papers including copy correspondence by Josef and Jenny Hausmann from Camp de Recebedou, photograph of a class taught by Josef Hausmann, copy articles relating to the school in Karlsruhe where Hausmann worked; and paper entitled 'Die zerschlagene Tafel - Jüdisches Leben in Durlach'. 

  19. Striped silk tallit, green velvet bag and white liner used by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Frank Meissner family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn37625
    • English
    • a: Height: 33.000 inches (83.82 cm) | Width: 75.750 inches (192.405 cm) b: Height: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Width: 13.250 inches (33.655 cm) c: Height: 10.750 inches (27.305 cm) | Width: 13.000 inches (33.02 cm)

    Black striped silk tallit gadol, a prayer shawl worn by Jewish males during morning services, and two storage pouches used by Franz Meissner. Frank, age 16, left Czechoslovakia in October 1939 because of the increasing Nazi persecution of Jews as Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany and its allies. With the encouragement of his family, he left for Denmark with members of Youth Aliyah, a organization that helped people to emigrate to Palestine. In 1943, the Germans began to deport all Jews from Denmark. Frank was warned that the Gestapo was looking for him and he was smuggled on a ...

  20. Study sketch of a church exterior by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil study of a church exterior created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong pro-Ge...