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Displaying items 1,121 to 1,140 of 1,285
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  1. Nazi Party Labor Day pin given to a US soldier by Hermann Göring

    Nazi Party Labor Day 1934 pin, likely given to Lieutenant Jack Wheelis by Herman Göring during his imprisonment at Nuremberg from 1945-1946. Labor Day (also known as May Day) takes place on May 1 to celebrate laborers and the working classes. In April 1933, after the Nazi party took control of the German government, May 1 was appropriated as the “Day of National Work,” with all celebrations organized by the government. On May 2, the Nazi party banned all independent trade-unions, bringing them under state control of the German Labor Front. Soon after the defeat of Nazi Germany in May 1945,...

  2. Birds-eye view of Camp de Gurs by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn79
    • English
    • overall: Height: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Width: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Width: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm)

    Ink drawing of a country landscape with the guard tower and barracks of Camp de Gurs in the distance, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, b...

  3. Pregnant Woman with Dysentery Portrait of a pregnant inmate by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn80
    • English
    • overall: Height: 8.250 inches (20.955 cm) | Width: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm) pictorial area: Height: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm) | Width: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm)

    Ink drawing of a pregnant woman in Gurs internment, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Li...

  4. Man's tailored nightshirt with braided trim brought to the US by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Alfred and Elsa Dukes collection

    Man’s tailored nightshirt brought with Alfred Dukes when he, his wife, Elsa, and their 13 year old daughter, Gertrude, left Vienna, Austria, for the United States in July 1939. On March 13, 1938, Austria was annexed by Germany. Anti-Jewish policies forced Alfred out of his job as a government office manager. On November 10, during Kristallnacht, Alfred was arrested, while Elsa and Gertrude were taken to Gestapo headquarters and held for hours. Alfred returned home badly beaten a week later, with the condition that he leave Austria. Alfred and Elsa had no relatives to sponsor their immigrati...

  5. Woman's nightgown with lacework trim brought to the US by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Alfred and Elsa Dukes collection

    Woman’s white nightgown brought with Elsa Dukes when she, her husband, Alfred, and their 13 year old daughter, Gertrude, left Vienna, Austria, for the United States in July 1939. On March 13, 1938, Austria was annexed by Germany. Anti-Jewish policies forced Alfred out of his job as a government office manager. On November 10, during Kristallnacht, Alfred was arrested, while Elsa and Gertrude were taken to Gestapo headquarters and held for hours. Alfred was badly beaten but was released a week later on the condition that he leave Austria. Alfred and Elsa had no relatives to sponsor their imm...

  6. Drawing of people sitting on a bench by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn81
    • English
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 9.000 inches (22.86 cm)

    Ink drawing of four women and a male visitor and young girl seated on an outdoor bench drawn in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refuge...

  7. Drawing of woman reading a book on a mattress (Version II) by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn82
    • English
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.375 inches (21.273 cm) | Width: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm)

    Ink drawing of a woman reading a book in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish r...

  8. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by Czech refugee

    1. Raul Hilberg collection

    50 (funfzig) mark Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp note given to Raul Hilberg by Frank Petschek, who, with his wife, as well as the extended Petschek family, had to flee Czechoslovakia after its annexation by Nazi Germany in fall 1938. After the war, the confiscation of the Petschek family's vast business and land holdings by the Nazi regime were used for a major case in the War Criminals trials at Nuremberg. Hilberg and his parents fled Vienna, Austria, after its annexation by Germany in March 1938. It was Petschek's generosity that made possible the publication of Hilberg's landmark work,...

  9. Drawing of woman reading a book on a mattress (Version I) by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn83
    • English
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm)

    Ink drawing of a woman reading a book in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish r...

  10. Long section of black floral lace from the family business saved by a German Jewish prewar emigre

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    Long section of black floral French lace saved by 34 year old Irene Schweizer when she fled Nazi Germany on a Kindertransport with her 6 year old son Hans in July 1939, joining her husband in England. The lace was acquired by Irene’s father, Leonhard Regensburger (1858-1914), who was a silk and textiles merchant in France for many years before becoming a partner in a drapery manufacturing company in Plauen, Germany. When Hitler rose to power in Germany in 1933, Irene, Hans, and her husband Friedrich resided in Mannheim. Irene’s stepfather, Nathan Karlsruher, died that October and Irene’s mo...

  11. White knitted lace doily with a center flower saved by a German Jewish prewar emigre

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    White knitted lace doily saved by 34 year old Irene Schweizer, when she fled Nazi Germany on a Kindertransport with her 6 year old son Hans in July 1939, joining her husband in England. The lace was acquired by Irene’s father, Leonhard Regensburger (1858-1914), who was a silk and textiles merchant in France for many years before becoming a partner in a drapery manufacturing company in Plauen, Germany. When Hitler rose to power in Germany in January 1933, Irene lived in Mannheim, with her husband, Friedrich Schweizer. Irene’s stepfather, Nathan Karlsruher, died in October 1933 and Irene’s mo...

  12. White floral netted lace rectangular doily saved a German Jewish prewar emigre

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    White lace sample doily saved by 34 year old Irene Schweizer, who fled Germany on a Kindertransport with her 6 year old son Hans in July 1939, joining her husband in England. The lace was acquired by Irene’s father, Leonhard Regensburger (1858-1914), who was a silk and textiles merchant France for many years before becoming a partner in a linen manufacturing company in Plauen, Germany. When Hitler rose to power in Germany in January 1933, Irene lived in Mannheim, with her husband, Friedrich Schweizer. Irene’s stepfather, Nathan Karlsruher, died in October 1933 and Irene’s mother and half-si...

  13. Two-sided drawing of women awaiting transport and at Gurs internment camp by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn84
    • English
    • a: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) b: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm)

    Two-sided pencil drawing of women at Alençon transit center and women at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became ...

  14. Great Rebirth of Germany Book with stereoscopic glasses and photos celebrating the Anschluss

    1. Abraham Saifer collection

    Propaganda book containing stereo-optic glasses and 120 double imaged photographs to be viewed with the glasses. The book and photographs deal with Hitler's conquest of Austria; text written by Karl Bartz, forward by Hermann Goerring and photographs taken by Heinrich Hoffman; published by the NSDAP.

  15. Looped metal whip that may have been used at Auschwitz given to a Ukrainian journalist covering the Nuremberg Trials

    1. Miroslav Hrijoriev Gregory collection

    Hand crafted metal whip given to Miroslav Hrijoriev Gregory, a Ukrainian journalist, in Nuremberg, Germany, in early 1947 while he was covering the proceedings of the Nuremberg Trials. The whip was supposedly used by an Auschwitz concentration camp guard, nicknamed Chocolata, and presented as evidence during trial proceedings. Miroslav was a Ukrainian journalist and illustrator, as well as a socialist who opposed the Soviet-style communist government of Ukraine during the early 1930s. Miroslav fled to Prague, Czechoslovakia, in the mid-1930s. He was married to a doctor, Eugenia, and in 1940...

  16. Leather tag stamped with the US seal containing a photograph owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    Small leather tag with a photograph presumably of her husband and son saved by Irene Schweizer, who fled Germany on a Kindertransport with her 6 year old son Hans in July 1939, joining her husband in England. When Hitler rose to power in Germany in 1933, Irene, Hans, and her husband Friedrich resided in Mannheim. Irene’s stepfather, Nathan Karlsruher, died that October and Irene’s mother and half-sister, Jella and Ruth Karlsruher, 11, moved in with them. In 1936, Friedrich was fired from his job as a bank manager because he was Jewish. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Friedrich wa...

  17. Mother of pearl opera glasses saved by a German Jewish prewar emigre

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    Mother of pearl opera glasses saved by Irene Schweizer when she fled Germany on a Kindertransport with her 6 year old son Hans in July 1939, joining her husband in England. When Hitler rose to power in Germany in 1933, Irene, Hans, and her husband Friedrich resided in Mannheim. Irene’s stepfather, Nathan Karlsruher, died that October and Irene’s mother and half-sister, Jella and Ruth Karlsruher, 11, moved in with them. In 1936, Friedrich was fired from his job as a bank manager because he was Jewish. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Friedrich was arrested and sent to Dachau. Their...

  18. British Army paratrooper's jacket worn in combat by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    British Airborne paratrooper's Denison jacket with a camouflage pattern worn by 22 year old Manfred Gans, a Jewish refugee from Germany, while serving as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The Denison smock was designed with an adjustable tail flap, and worn over standard battle dress to keep gear secured when a paratrooper deployed his parachute. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany and implemented anti-Jewish laws. In July 1938, Manfred went to England. On September 3, 1939, Great Britain declared war against Germany, and Manfred wa...

  19. Eva Sekules papers

    School report cards, correspondence, ration books, embarkation papers, identification card, travel permits, and related documents, documenting Sekules' schooling in Vienna from 1932-1938, her subsequent life in Great Britain from 1940 onward, and in particular, her service in the British military during and following World War II. Also includes ration books for food and other goods in postwar Britain, and travel permits issued by the Allied occupation forces in Austria, permitting her to enter that country on several occasions between 1949 and 1954.

  20. Drawing of seated women waiting for transport by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn85
    • English
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) pictorial area: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm)

    Drawing of women sitting on suitcases waiting to be transported from Alencon to Camp de Gurs, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an...