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Displaying items 1,041 to 1,060 of 1,285
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  1. Silver UNRRA pin worn by a former concentration camp inmate and refugee aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration) logo shaped pin worn by aid worker Hans Finke when he worked for the United Nations as a store manager in postwar Germany. He was at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945. An electrician by trade, he began working for the British and then various aid groups after it became a displaced persons camp. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. In February 1943, Hans, 23, was a forced laborer f...

  2. Single tefillin with covers and pouch owned by a British soldier and Kindertransport refugee

    1. Norman A. Miller family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn555437
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.478 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) b: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) c: Height: 8.750 inches (22.225 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm)

    Single tefillin with covers and a navy blue velvet storage pouch owned by Norbert Müller (later Norman Miller) a 15 year old German Jewish refugee who came to London, England in September 1939. Tefillin are small boxes containing prayers attached to leather straps and worn on the arm and the head by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. On November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht in Nuremberg, Germany, the apartment Norbert shared with his parents, Sebald and Laura, younger sister, Suse, and grandmother, Clara Jüngster, was ransacked by local men with axes. In late August 1939, Norber...

  3. Sioma and Tonia Bialer Lechtman papers

    Contains photographs and documents relating to Vera Lechtman's parents, Sioma and Tonia Bialer Lechtman, before World War II in Vienna, Austria, and in Łódź, Poland; their immigration to Palestine in 1936; and their subsequent immigration to Europe in 1938. Includes photogaphs of Sioma Lechtman in the Gurs concentration camp in France, where he was interned after fighting in the Spanish Civil War.

  4. Sketch of a building amid fields by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil study of a fenced fields and a steepled building created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but had been born Jewish. In 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong pro-German feelings and was not read...

  5. Sketch of a woman and dog by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn99
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 9.120 inches (23.165 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.380 inches (13.665 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm)

    Sketch of Camp de Gurs, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Lili, originally from Berlin, ...

  6. Sketch of a woman in various positions by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Study of a woman’s torso in 4 different poses. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish and in 1935, she was fired from her job due to a government decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had s...

  7. Sketch of buildings along a Grecian shoreline drawn by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of a water view of Chersonesos, Crete, created by Nelly Rossmann in 1934. Nelly's brother Willy Schwabacher was an prominent archeologist. He worked on excavations in Turkey, Italy, and Greece for the German Archaeological Institute and this drawing may be based on photographs from his travels. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly wa...

  8. Sketch of figures inside a barrack by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn78
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 12.625 inches (32.068 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 18.000 inches (45.72 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm)

    Ink drawing of several men inside a barrack in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Je...

  9. Sketch of people in an internment camp by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn97
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.620 inches (14.275 cm) | Width: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm)

    Sketch of Camp de Gurs, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Lili, originally from Berlin, ...

  10. Sketch of women in their barracks by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn74
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Ink drawing of women relaxing inside their barracks at Gurs internment camp by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for J...

  11. Skirt made by a German Jewish woman to demonstrate her sewing capabilities

    1. Elfriede Gerson Hillelsohn collection

    Maroon wool sampler skirt made by Elfriede Hillelsohn in Hamburg, Germany, to prove her sewing skills prior to her work in a Nazi uniform factory. Elfriede trained as a seamstress in Weener, Germany, before moving to Hamburg in 1936. While in Hamburg, Elfriede belonged to a German-Jewish youth movement where she met and soon became engaged to Kurt Hillelsohn. After Kristallnacht in November 1938, Kurt immigrated to the United States and Elfriede and her mother moved in with his family. During this time, Elfriede worked as a forced laborer in a German uniform factory. With financial support ...

  12. Skull faced hand puppet created by a German Jewish Holocaust survivor and World War II veteran

    1. Albert Günther Hess collection

    Handmade, papier-mâché hand puppet with a skull head, created by Albert Guenther Hess in New York as a way to cope with his experiences as a Holocaust survivor and soldier in World War II. Albert Guenther Hess’s family owned a successful chemical factory in the town of Pirna, Germany. Albert studied law, but also had a passion for music and film. In 1933, Albert was fired from his legal position in the Ministry of Justice because he was Jewish. He then took a position as a legal advisor for his family’s business. In 1937, he began working in Belgium as a representative for his family’s comp...

  13. Small drawing of a church and graveyard by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil drawing of a church facade and a graveyard drawn by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish and in 1935, she was fired from her job due to a government decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for En...

  14. Small suitcase carried by a Jewish boy from Berlin to England on a Kindertransport

    Small suitcase carried by thirteen year old Max Dobriner (later Geoffrey Dickson) in July 1939 when he was sent by his parents Julius and Hertha from Germany to Great Britain on a Kindertransport.

  15. Small suitcase with a metal handle used by a Jewish Austrian physician

    1. Salzmann family collection

    Stollwerck suitcase used by Berthold Salzmann as he emigrated from Vienna, Austria to England and then to the United States. Berthold and his sister Ernesta were medical students at the University of Vienna throughout the 1930s. On March 13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria and created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Consequently, Berthold graduated but was unable to practice medicine and Ernesta was unable to graduate. Berthold was selected for a refugee program organized by the Central British Fund for German Jewry, and immigrated to England early in 1939. He was held at the Kitc...

  16. Small yellow suitcase used by a young German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Small yellow suitcase used by 6 year old Franziska (Ruth) Danzig when her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parent found a Jewish foster family, the Paste...

  17. Soap bar acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee working for the WJC

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Bar of soap likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. He was told that it had been made from murdered Jews, although this is not true. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help family members escape Europe, but Erich lo...

  18. Spanish Refugee Woman Portrait in profile of a woman by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn155
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.120 inches (28.245 cm) | Width: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) pictorial area: Height: 10.620 inches (26.975 cm) | Width: 8.250 inches (20.955 cm)

    Drawing by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Lili, originally from Berlin, moved to Paris in 1938...

  19. Speculum owned by a German emigre and US Army medic

    Speculum used by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno immigrated to the US in August. Margaret was a Jewish athlete who was banned from competing in the Olympics by the Nazi authorities, and subsequently immigrated to...