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Displaying items 861 to 880 of 1,285
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  1. Paste-up cover for Die Jugend-herberge created by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Paste-up cover for Die Jugend-herberge (The Youth Hostel) created by Nelly Rossmann. This was a German youth magazine specializing in the outdoors. A paste-up or mechanical was a camera ready copy of a design prepared for photographing to make a printing plate. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but had been born Jewish. In 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could ...

  2. Paste-up for the cover of Die Jugend-herberg created by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Paste-up created by Nelly Rossmann for the cover of Die Jugend-herberge (The Youth Hostel), year 10, volume 10, a German youth magazine specializing in the outdoors. A paste-up or mechanical was a camera ready copy of a design prepared for photographing to make a printing plate. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree th...

  3. Path between the Barracks Drawing of people outside the barracks by an inmate at Gurs internment camp

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn101
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Width: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm)

    Sketch of an outdoor scene at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Li...

  4. Paul Fraser collection

  5. Paula Balkin correspondence

    Paula Balkin correspondence is comprised of letters between Balkin and her family and friends. Letters and postcards document the lives of Paula Balkin; her parents Abraham (Otto) and Gertrude (Trude) Grünbaum and her sister Edith; Balkin’s grandmother Rose Schmulewitz; Balkin’s uncle and aunt Leo and Eva Schmulewitz; Balkin’s uncle and aunt Abraham (Adolf) and Clara (Clärchen) Koppold and their children Harold, Siegmar, and Zilla; Balkin’s aunt Yette Ribetzki Pietrkowski and her daughter Vera; and family friends Marjane Mitdank and Johanna (Hanni or Hans) Wagner in Leipzig. Most of the cor...

  6. Pavel Novak: copy personal papers

    This collection comprises a school leaving certificate dated 1939, of Risa Elizabeth Novak, Pavel Novak's wife; a certificate from the Jewish Refugees Committee in London about her arrival from Austria in May 1939; and a certificate from a group of Austrian Trade Unionists in Great Britain, confirming the identity of her father and the fact that he was arrested for anti-fascist activities in 1934 and 1938.

  7. Peach handkerchief with a pink monogram carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Lilli Schischa Tauber family collection

    Pale orange handkerchief with her initials KS kept by 11 year Lilli (Karoline) Schischa when she was sent on a Kindertransport from Austria to Great Britain on July 13, 1939. In March 1938, Nazi Germany marched into Austria and made it part of the Third Reich. Jewish persecution. The clothing store owned by Lilli's parents, Wilhelm and Johanna, in Wiener Neustadt was seized. Lilli's brother, Edi, age 24, left for Palestine in October 1938. Her father was arrested during the Kristallnacht pogrom that November, but released after ten days. Her parents were able to get Lilli out of the country...

  8. Pelvic calipers used by a Jewish German US Army medic

    1. Bruno Lambert collection

    Calipers brought from Nazi Germany by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. Medical calipers were used to measure the thickness or breadth of a part of the body. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but he was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno immigrated to the US in August. Margaret was a Jewish athlete who was b...

  9. Pencil drawing a belfry by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil drawing of a back entranceway and a belfry created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but had been born Jewish. In 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong pro-German feelings and was not ready to l...

  10. Pencil drawing of a street and gatehouse by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Sketch depicting a street and buildings in Prichsenstadt, Germany, by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nell...

  11. Pencil drawing of a street with three buildings by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Sketch of 3 structures and a wall along a street by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong...

  12. Pencil sketch of stairs for an open gate in a wall by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Gesture drawing of a staircase leading to an open gate drawn by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly stil...

  13. Peter Hulsen collection

    Readers need to reserve a reading room terminal to listen to the audio interview with the donorRecipe book and other papers including audio interview of Peter Hulsen who describes being born in Breslau, into a wealthy, secular Jewish household; coming to Great Britain on the last Kindertransport; staying in an orphanage in Brighton for 5 years; an interview with Anna Essinger and subsequent stay of 9 months at Bunce Court School; a career in retail including 30 years at Marks and Spencer; survival of his father who worked as a translator at the Nuremberg War Crime Trials and also at Bletchl...

  14. Pillowcase with cutwork flowers and the embroidered initials FL used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Pillowcase with cutwork embroidery used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. It was made by her maternal aunt Friederika Lemberger and embroidered with her initials, FL. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika in 1937 to attend the...

  15. Pilpel family papers

    The Pilpel Family papers consist of correspondence, photographs, and documents related to the family of Franz Josef and Marion (Stern) Pilpel (later Pell), their daughter Nina, and their son Ronald, chiefly related to the family's immigration from their native Austria to India, and their subsequent immigration to the United States. Includes personal and biographical documents, correspondence between members of the Pilpel family, predominantly from the post-war era but also some pre-war correspondence, and correspondence with extended family members and friends in Australia, Israel, and the ...

  16. Pin box and 57 straight pins carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ina Felczer collection

    Pin case with 57 pins carried by 10-year-old Ina Felczer on a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] to Leeds, England, in late June 1939. Before the war, Ina lived with her parents, Victor and Hannah, in Berlin, Germany. Both were Polish Jews who had lived in Berlin since the 1920s. Victor was a chemist, and Hannah co-owned a dressmaking shop. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, and authorities throughout Germany quickly began suppressing the rights of Jews and boycotting their businesses. In the late 1930’s, Victor lost his job, and Hannah’s shop was des...

  17. Pink ribbon garter owned by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Pink ribbon garter owned by Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 10 and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen...

  18. Pink ribbon garter owned by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Pink ribbon garter owned by Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 10 and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen...

  19. Pipe with bowl carved in the shape of a bull’s head

    1. Salzmann family collection

    Bull’s head tobacco pipe acquired by Berthold Salzmann’s father-in-law in Germany during the Korean War. This pipe was carved from quality briar wood, the best material for pipes. Berthold and his sister Ernesta were medical students at the University of Vienna throughout the 1930s. On March 13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria and created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Consequently, Berthold graduated but was unable to practice medicine and Ernesta was unable to graduate. Berthold was selected for a refugee program organized by the Central British Fund for German Jewry, and immig...

  20. Pitcher made from an Eatonia Brand butter can and used by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Can of Eatonia Brand butter repurposed as a pitcher and used by Leonie Roualet, while she was interned in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France from September 1942 through September 1944. Leonie was born in New York to Leonie Calmesse and Henry Charles Roualet, French champagne vintners who had immigrated to the United States in the 1890s. In the 1930s, Leonie’s mother returned to France to take care of her ailing brother. While caring for her brother, she too became sick, and in 1939 Leonie traveled to France to take care of her mother and her uncle. In May 1940, Germany invaded...