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Displaying items 301 to 320 of 1,285
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  1. Pink ribbon garter owned by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Pink ribbon garter owned by Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 10 and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen...

  2. Bird head hand puppet created by a German Jewish Holocaust survivor and World War II veteran

    1. Albert Günther Hess collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn561941
    • English
    • 1956-1957
    • a: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) b: Height: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Width: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm)

    Handmade, papier-mâché hand puppet of a bird created by Albert Guenther Hess in New York as a way to cope with his experiences as a Holocaust survivor and soldier in World War II. Albert Guenther Hess’s family owned a successful chemical factory in the town of Pirna, Germany. Albert studied law, but also had a passion for music and film. In 1933, Albert was fired from his legal position in the Ministry of Justice because he was Jewish. He then took a position as a legal advisor for his family’s business. In 1937, he began working in Belgium as a representative for his family’s company. On M...

  3. Pink ribbon garter owned by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Pink ribbon garter owned by Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 10 and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen...

  4. UNRRA selected records AG-018-010 : Austria Mission

    Consist of administrative files related to displaced persons, repatriation, emigration, tracing of people, child welfare, Children's Homes, welfare assistance by various international organizations; special monthly reports and statistics from British, French and American Zones; files of the displaced persons camps, narrative reports, correspondence, and registers from the particular UNRRA teams regarding operations of the displaced persons camps.

  5. Leather bi-fold wallet with two photographs glued inside owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Harry and Luba Marcus family collection

    Leather wallet, with two photos adhered inside, used by Erich Marcus. The photos are of Erich’s parents, Emil and Margarethe. Both parents were unable to escape Germany during the Holocaust and chose to end their own lives in 1940, rather than allow the Nazis to deport them to the killing centers in the East. Erich’s family owned a successful houseware factory in Prenzlau, Germany. Erich lived with his wife Phyllis and two children, Heinrich and Lilo. Erich’s parents, his sister, and her two children lived in Prenzlau as well. After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, the Marcus fami...

  6. Brown alligator leather holder used by Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Brown alligator patterned leather case brought by 10 year old Ellen Ruth Fass from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Nanette tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ell...

  7. Red haired hand puppet created by a German Jewish Holocaust survivor and World War II veteran

    1. Albert Günther Hess collection

    Handmade, papier-mâché hand puppet of a red faced man created by Albert Guenther Hess in New York as a way to cope with his experiences as a Holocaust survivor and soldier in World War II. Albert Guenther Hess’s family owned a successful chemical factory in the town of Pirna, Germany. Albert studied law, but also had a passion for music and film. In 1933, Albert was fired from his legal position in the Ministry of Justice because he was Jewish. He then took a position as a legal advisor for his family’s business. In 1937, he began working in Belgium as a representative for his family’s comp...

  8. Small yellow suitcase used by a young German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Small yellow suitcase used by 6 year old Franziska (Ruth) Danzig when her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parent found a Jewish foster family, the Paste...

  10. Large black wardrobe trunk used by German Jewish refugees on the MS St. Louis

    1. Egon J. Salmon collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn12834
    • English
    • a: Height: 40.625 inches (103.188 cm) | Width: 22.500 inches (57.15 cm) | Depth: 21.500 inches (54.61 cm) b: Height: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm) | Width: 20.625 inches (52.388 cm) | Depth: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) c: Height: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm) | Width: 20.625 inches (52.388 cm) | Depth: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) d: Height: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm) | Width: 20.625 inches (52.388 cm) | Depth: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) e: Height: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm) | Width: 20.625 inches (52.388 cm) | Depth: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) f: Height: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm) | Width: 20.625 inches (52.388 cm) | Depth: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm)

    Large wardrobe trunk with drawers used by Egon Salmon, 15, and his family when they left Nazi Germany on the MS St. Louis in May 1939. The zinc lined trunk was specially made in Germany to protect clothing in tropical climates. Following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938, Egon’s father Paul was arrested in Rheydt and held in Dachau. He was released after he received a visa for Cuba. Paul left in January 1939 for Havana. On May 13, 1939, Egon, mother Erna, and sister Edith left on the MS St. Louis for Cuba. When the ship reached Havana, the Cuban government refused to allow most of the pa...

  11. Identification tag with name and birthdate issued to a Jewish refugee child

    1. Vera Lechtman collection

    Identification tag issued to three-year-old Georges Maringer in 1944 while in the care of a children’s home in Switzerland run by Margaret Locher, after escaping France with his mother, Irene, and father, Simon. The tag is engraved with his name and birthdate, the name of his foster parent, and the address of the home. Georges was born in France, to Jewish parents, Simon and Irene Maringer. Simon completed a Ph.D. in Psychology at the University of Zurich in 1936, and began attending medical courses in Brussels. Simon and Irene were forced to flee Belgium in 1940, after the German invasion....

  12. Soap bar acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee working for the WJC

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Bar of soap likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. He was told that it had been made from murdered Jews, although this is not true. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help family members escape Europe, but Erich lo...

  13. Monogrammed silver napkin rings owned by a German Rabbi

    1. Rabbi Georg and Martha Wilde collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn619190
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) b: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm)

    Pair of silver napkin rings, engraved with the initials of Martha and her husband Rabbi George Wilde, who fled Germany in 1939. Rabbi Dr. Georg Wilde attended the Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), and received a doctorate in 1901. He married Breslau-born Martha Spitz, and the couple moved to Magdeburg. In 1906, Georg began serving as rabbi for the largest of Magdeburg’s three congregations, the Synagogen-Gemeinde zu Magdeburg. During World War I, Georg served as a field rabbi and presided over both Jewish and interfaith burials. While in Magdeburg, Georg...

  14. Liesl Joseph Loeb papers

    1. Liesl Joseph Loeb collection

    The Liesl Joseph Loeb papers consist of correspondence files, emigration and immigration files, MS St. Louis files, photographs, and printed materials documenting the Joseph family’s departure from Germany and voyage on the St. Louis, the Passenger Committee’s work to find refuge for the ship’s passengers, and the Joseph family’s arrival in England and immigration to the United States. Correspondence includes letters and postcard from Josef Josephs to his family while he was interned as an enemy alien as well as with fellow former passengers of the St. Louis, such as Herbert Manasse and Ern...

  15. Blue felt hat worn by a German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    Blue felt hat worn by 11 year old Lilly Cohn when her parents, Margarete and Ernst, sent her from Halberstadt, Germany, to Rochdale, England, in July 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. Lilly wears the hat in photographs in the collection taken with her parents and older brother Werner at the train station. During the Kristallnacht pogrom on November 9-10, 1938, Lilly’s father Ernst was arrested and send to Buchenwald concentration camp. He was released after 5 weeks and the family began preparing to leave. Lilly and Werner were registered for the Kindertransport. In July, ...

  16. Sketch of buildings along a Grecian shoreline drawn by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of a water view of Chersonesos, Crete, created by Nelly Rossmann in 1934. Nelly's brother Willy Schwabacher was an prominent archeologist. He worked on excavations in Turkey, Italy, and Greece for the German Archaeological Institute and this drawing may be based on photographs from his travels. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly wa...

  17. Two-sided drawing of women in barracks and woman doubled over by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn104
    • English
    • 1940
    • a: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) b: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.125 inches (15.557 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.125 inches (15.557 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Two-sided drawing of women in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Li...

  18. Two-sided drawing of men in a canteen and a portrait of a woman by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn119
    • English
    • 1940
    • a: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm) b: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Drawings of men in a canteen and a woman at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewis...

  19. Public School Athletic League Winged Victory achievement badge received by a German Jewish teenage refugee

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Girl's Branch PSAL (Public School Athletic League) medal awarded to Franziska (Ruth) Danzig for physical accomplishments when she attended school in New York in the 1940s. When Ruth was 6, her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on...

  20. Plate with colorful, oval-shaped cartoon figures carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ina Felczer collection

    Decorated children’s plate manufactured by Beyer and Bock and carried by 10-year-old Ina Felczer on a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] to Leeds, England, in late June 1939. Before the war, Ina lived with her parents, Victor and Hannah, in Berlin, Germany. Both were Polish Jews who had lived in Berlin since the 1920s. Victor was a chemist, and Hannah co-owned a dressmaking shop. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, and authorities throughout Germany quickly began suppressing the rights of Jews and boycotting their businesses. In the late 1930’s, Victor...