Search

Advanced query tips

There are several ways to be more specific in your search query:

"Phrase"
Search an exact match of your query, e.g. "Member lists"
+Phrase
Given word has to be in the result, e.g. +Gestapo
-Phrase
Exclude given word from search, e.g. -Gestapo

Use the following syntax to restrict the search to specific fields:

field:"phrase"
For instance, you can find all descriptions that have the phrase "Auschwitz Birkenau" in their titles by searching for title:"Auschwitz Birkenau".

The following fields are currently available:

  • identifier
  • title
  • creator
  • person
  • place
  • subject
  • address
Displaying items 221 to 240 of 1,285
Search result ordering

  1. Child's drawing of 2 houses near the mountains by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Colored pencil drawing of two cottages in the mountains drawn by 12 year old Fritz Vendig when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Lo...

  2. Child's drawing of a large ocean liner by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Drawing of a ship entering port done by Fritz Vendig, 12, while living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, younger brother Heiner, and paternal grandmother Pauline. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cub...

  3. We are the young Swiss Child's sketch of 2 boys parading with a Swiss flag by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Sketch of two boys marching with a flag drawn by 13 year old Fritz Vendig when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban autho...

  4. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institution...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutio...

  6. Certificate of Citizenship document case belonging to a German Jewish refugee couple

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    “Certificate of Citizenship” document case owned by Anita Lamm and Manfred Gans, German-Jewish refugees who became United States citizens in 1945 and 1955. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred’s father helped Anita and her parents immigrate to the United States, and Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien, arrested, and sent to an internment camp on the Isle of Man. Manfred later enlisted in the British Army, where he spent two years assigned to a labor unit before being recruite...

  7. Japanese invasion banknote, 10 pesos, acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Japanese invasion money, 10 pesos, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945-1946 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. Japan occupied the Philippines in January 1942 and soon began issuing invasion currency. The serial letters PM, suggests an early issue. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submit...

  8. Illustrated handmade book made as a birthday tribute for a friend of the artist

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Illustrated handmade book created by Nelly Rossmann as a birthday tribute for a 70-year-old friend. Each page has a drawing with a handwritten poem. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht ...

  9. German Jewish refugee child's still life of an apple, ashtray, and a smoking pipe

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Colored pencil still life drawn by 12 year old Fritz Vendig when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused...

  10. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutions...

  11. Child's watercolor of a house near a lake in the Alps by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Colored pencil drawing of a lakeside house drawn by 12 year old Fritz Vendig when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban au...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institution...

  13. Study sketch of a corkscrew and balance scale by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil sketch of a corkscrew and a balance scale created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but had been born Jewish. In 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong pro-German feelings and was not ready to le...

  14. Austrian 10,000 Kronen banknote owned by a Viennese Jewish refugee family

    1. Appenzeller and Dukes families collection

    Kronen banknote owned by the Appenzeller family in Vienna, Austria before their emigration in 1939. The kronen was the official currency of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1892 until its dissolution in 1918. The banknotes were printed on the front in Hungarian and in German on the reverse, and the value was written out in eight additional languages. After the breakup of Austria-Hungary, the banknotes remained in circulation among the various countries, but were overstamped for use in individual countries. This kronen is printed in German on both sides and has an overstamp that indicates th...

  15. Brown leather lace-up boots worn by a young Jewish girl who escaped Germany on the Kindertransport

    1. Esther Rosenfeld Starobin family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn72131
    • English
    • 1964
    • a: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm)

    Brown leather lace-up boots bought for 2 year old Esther Rosenfeld by her parents in Germany and worn when she left on a June 1939 Kinderstransport to Great Britain, as her three older sisters Bertl, Edith, and Ruth, had done in March. As the adult Esther remembered: "The boots traveled with me from Germany as I left my home and parents when I was just two years old to start a new life in England. ... I suppose I wore them on the train, the ship, and then another train as I traveled to a new family. In Thorpe, I must have worn those boots for a long time. My foster father, who worked in a s...

  16. Pencil drawing a belfry by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil drawing of a back entranceway and a belfry created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Germany became a police state and anti-Jewish legislation was enacted. Nelly was a Quaker, but had been born Jewish. In 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong pro-German feelings and was not ready to l...

  17. Drawing of a farmhouse and fields by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil drawing of houses in a country landscape drawn by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had s...

  18. Faux alligator photo wallet used by a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Small imitation alligator wallet with 9 photo inserts used by Fritz Vendig or a family member after leaving Nazi Germany in 1939. It carried photographs now part of 2013.486.1. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Paulina, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all p...

  19. Japanese invasion money, half gulden, acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Japanese invasion money, half gulden, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945-1946 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies in March 1942 and soon began issuing invasion currency. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help...

  20. Child's watercolor of a house near a road leading to the Alps by a young Jewish boy

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Drawing of hillside cottages by Fritz Vendig, 12, when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Ernst's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, they prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, the family, along with Ernst's mother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all passengers. Appeals were made to the Cuban and US governments...