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Displaying items 1,221 to 1,240 of 1,278
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Language of Description: English

  1. Woodcut portrait of Leo Baeck owned by a Jewish Polish girl

    1. Julie Keefer family collection

    Woodcut portrait of Leo Baeck, owned by Julie Keefer, a Jewish Polish girl who was in hiding during the Holocaust with her grandfather. Baeck was a Rabbi and intellectual theologian who emerged as an important symbolic and political leader of German Jewry before and during World War II. Baeck helped other Jews emigrate from Germany and fought for Jewish rights. In 1943 he was deported to Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto labor camp, where he gave lectures on philosophy and religion and became a leader among the camp’s Jews. In June 1941, when Julie was two months old, her hometown, Lvov, Pola...

  2. Watercolor painting of a line for wood and coal acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the line for wood and coal at Hotel Central in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Chri...

  3. Watercolor painting of a crowd gathered in front of a decorative building in Vittel internment camp acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the package line in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), where s...

  4. Large doll with long blond hair given to a former hidden child by her father when reunited postwar

    1. Elizabeth Lusthaus Strassburger collection

    Large doll with a gingham dress, acquired later, given to 7 year old Elzbieta Lusthaus as a gift from her father Edmund when they were reunited after four years apart in September 1945 in Ancona, Italy. It was the first doll Elzbieta ever owned. The family was separated when the war began in September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany. Dr. Lusthaus had enlisted in the Polish Army and was with his parents in Stryj when he was captured by the Soviets and sent to a prisoner of war labor camp in Siberia. Elzbieta, her mother, and her maternal grandmother Sophie Schiff were confin...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 194...

  6. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 19...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 19...

  8. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  9. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  10. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June ...

  11. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  12. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...

  13. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building,along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire u...

  14. Honor Cross of the World War 1914/1918 non-combatant veteran service buttonhole ribbon bar awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Kurt Schlesinger family collection

    Buttonhole ribbon bar for the Honor Cross, non-combatants medal awarded to Kurt Schlesinger for his service in the German Army during World War I (1914-1918). The Honor, or Hindenburg, Cross was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934. The medal was designed by Eugene Godet, and the ribbon bears a miniature version of the full scale award. It commemorated distinguished deeds in combat, and individuals had to apply to the government to receive it. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Kurt and his second wife, Christine, were very concerned about H...

  15. Honor Cross of the World War 1914/1918 combatant veteran service medal awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Kurt Schlesinger family collection

    Honor Cross, combatants medal awarded to Kurt Schlesinger for his service in the German Army during World War I (1914-1918). The Honor, or Hindenburg, Cross was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934. It commemorated distinguished deeds in combat, and individuals had to apply to the government to receive it. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Kurt and his second wife, Christine, were very concerned about Hitler’s policies, and immigrated to Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kurt left behind his teenage daughter, Irene, who lived in Berlin with her mothe...

  16. World War I Honor & Iron Crosses buttonhole ribbon bar with Combatant’s swords awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Kurt Schlesinger family collection

    Buttonhole ribbon bar for the Honor Cross, combatants and Iron Cross, 2nd class medals awarded to Kurt Schlesinger for his service in the German Army during World War I (1914-1918). The Honor, or Hindenburg, Cross was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934. It commemorated distinguished deeds in combat, and individuals had to apply to the government to receive it. The Iron Cross was reinstated in August 1914, and awarded for bravery. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Kurt and his second wife, Christine, were very concerned about Hitler’s poli...

  17. Pouch with a false base used by a German Jewish émigré to smuggle money out of the country

    1. Erna Meier Schlesinger Summerfield collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn4376
    • English
    • a: Height: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm) | Diameter: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) b: Height: 6.750 inches (17.145 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm)

    Leather pouch with a false bottom used to smuggle money out of Germany by Erna Schlesinger (later Summerfield) and her daughter, Irene, when they immigrated to the United States in July 1939. The pouch was originally used to store detachable men’s shirt collars at the turn of the Twentieth Century. Jews emigrating from Germany were not allowed to remove valuables or money from the country, so Erna glued approximately 1,000 Reichs marks (about $250 US dollars) to the underside of the false, cardboard bottom. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Erna’s sister, ...

  18. Raeder Erich

    • Raeder, Erich
    • Raeder, Erich, 1876-1960
    • Raeder, E. (Erich), 1876-1960
    • Raeder, Erich.
    • Raeder, E.
    • ...

    24/04/1876

    06/11/1960

    Grand Admiral in the German Navy until retirement in 1941

  19. Ostwald family collection

    The Ostwald family collection consists of biographical materials, correspondence, diaries and memoirs, photographs, photo albums, and negatives related to the Ostwald family of Dortmund, Germany; the Strauss family; the Tendlau family; and the Weinberg family. The biographical materials series includes genealogy materials, family trees, and research files regarding various branches of the Ostwald family. The file on August Niemeyer (1887-1938), Martin Ostwald’s favorite Latin teacher, includes Niemeyer’s obituary and copy prints of the Dortmund school Martin attended. Materials relating to ...

  20. Envelope fragment with two stamps acquired by a Roman Catholic Polish youth

    1. Hermanowski family collection

    Envelope fragment with two stamps issued in 1943 by the Polish government-in-exile, while based in London, England, and acquired by Wojciech Hermanowski. These are two of the eight second-issue stamps, which were only valid in friendly and neutral nations, such as Great Britain. The stamps helped raise money for the Ministry of Finance, and were used as propaganda to remind the public that the Polish military was still fighting, even while their territory was occupied by Germany. Wojciech was a Roman Catholic boy living with his parents, Jan and Stanislawa, and his older brother, Andrzej, i...