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Displaying items 1,101 to 1,120 of 1,278
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Language of Description: English

  1. Testimony of Ludvik Kain Kalina, born in Uzhorod, Czechoslovakia, 1915, regarding his experiences in Britain, as a Czechoslovakian Army soldier and in combat at Dunkirk

    1. O.59- Erich Kulka Collection: Documentation and testimonies regarding the struggle of the Jews of Czechoslovakia against the Nazis

    Testimony of Ludvik Kain Kalina, born in Uzhorod, Czechoslovakia, 1915, regarding his experiences in Britain, as a Czechoslovakian Army soldier and in combat at Dunkirk Born in Uzhorod. Occupation of Slovakia by Hungary; persecution of Jews in Hungarian-occupied Slovakia, 1939; activities of Jewish Communists in Slovakia; transfer to Poland; activities of Jewish Communists in the Katowice refugee center, 1939; persecution of Jewish refugees by Polish police; protection of Jewish refugees by British Consulate; move to Britain, 1939; leading Jewish Communist refugees in England, 1939; impact ...

  2. Testimony of Malvina (Friedmannova) Fantova, born in Cejkov, Czechoslovakia, regarding her experiences in Poland, the Soviet Union and as soldier in the Czechoslovakian Army

    1. O.59- Erich Kulka Collection: Documentation and testimonies regarding the struggle of the Jews of Czechoslovakia against the Nazis

    Testimony of Malvina (Friedmannova) Fantova, born in Cejkov, Czechoslovakia, regarding her experiences in Poland, the Soviet Union and as soldier in the Czechoslovakian Army Born in Czechoslovakia. Hungarian occupation of Carpathian Ruthenia; dramatic evacuation from Carpathian Ruthenia, 1939; unsuccessful attempt to escape to Great Britain; handed over to the Germans at the Dutch border; interrogation by the Gestapo; expulsion to Poland; life in a refugee center in Katowice, 1939; air flights to Rowne during the war between Germany and Poland; role of the Communists in classifying and deci...

  3. Testimony of Miroslav Sigut, born in Dobratice, Czechoslovakia, 1917, regarding his experiences in Krakow, as a French Foreign Legion soldier in France and as a Czechoslovakian Army soldier in England

    1. O.59- Erich Kulka Collection: Documentation and testimonies regarding the struggle of the Jews of Czechoslovakia against the Nazis

    Testimony of Miroslav Sigut, born in Dobratice, Czechoslovakia, 1917, regarding his experiences in Krakow, as a French Foreign Legion soldier in France and as a Czechoslovakian Army soldier in England Help from the Jewish communities to non-Jewish refugees, 1939. Expulsion to Poland; enlistment in the Czechoslovakian Army by Jewish volunteers not accepted by the Czechoslovakian Consulate in Krakow; enlistment in the French Foreign Legion; life in the Foreign Legion unit at Sidi-Bel-Abbes, 1940; transfer of Czechoslovakian volunteers to the Agde training camp; difficulties in mobilization of...

  4. Testimony of Moshe Elisha Landa, born in Budapest, Hungary, 1911, regarding his experiences as a Communist in Poland, England, as a soldier in the Czechoslovakian army in England and in Dunkirk, and persecution by the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia af

    1. O.59- Erich Kulka Collection: Documentation and testimonies regarding the struggle of the Jews of Czechoslovakia against the Nazis

    Testimony of Moshe Elisha Landa, born in Budapest, Hungary, 1911, regarding his experiences as a Communist in Poland, in England, as a soldier in the Czechoslovakian Army in England and in Dunkirk, and persecution by the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia after the war Born in Hungary; receives a religious upbringing and education; becomes a devout Communist, 1926-1938. Escape to Poland, 1939; refused admission to Czechoslovakian Army unit in Krakow; not permitted to enter the Soviet Union; arrival of Communist refugees in England, 1940; relations with the Czechoslovakian government in exil...

  5. Testimony of Otto Spira, born in Moravska Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, 1911, regarding his experiences in the French Foreign Legion in France and as a Czechoslovakian Army soldier in England

    1. O.59- Erich Kulka Collection: Documentation and testimonies regarding the struggle of the Jews of Czechoslovakia against the Nazis

    Testimony of Otto Spira, born in Moravska Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, 1911, regarding his experiences in the French Foreign Legion in France and as a Czechoslovakian Army soldier in England Escape routes of Jewish refugees to France and the Middle East, 1939; Jews in the French Foreign Legion; Jews in Czechoslovakian units in France, 1940; life in the Agde training camp; chaotic retreat to England; role of Jewish volunteers in Czechoslovakian units, 1943; difficulties in joining the air force; fighting at Dunkirk, 1944. Life in the American liberated zone; life in liberated Prague, 1945.

  6. Testimony of Robert Kien, born in Ostrava,, Czechoslovakia, 1902, regarding his experiences in Poland including assistance to refugees in Krakow and Britain

    1. O.59- Erich Kulka Collection: Documentation and testimonies regarding the struggle of the Jews of Czechoslovakia against the Nazis

    Testimony of Robert Kien, born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, 1902, regarding his experiences in Poland including assistance to refugees in Krakow and Britain Born in Ostrava. Escape to Poland, 1939; assistance to Jewish refugees in Krakow organized by Czechoslovakian Zionists, 1939; British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia in Poland, role of Herman Field; participation of Czechoslovakian Jews; cooperation of the Czechoslovakian Consulate; classification applications for British visas; escape to Britain, 1939; Communist influence; cooperation with HICEM (Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society ...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutions...

  8. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 194...

  9. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone, acquired by Kindertransport refugee

    1. Gustav J. Meyer collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 (eine) krone, of the type distributed in German occupied Czechoslovakia acquired by Gustav Meyer. Gustav was sent to safety on a Kindertransport from Germany to Great Britain ca. 1938. Inmates in Theresienstadt were not allowed to have currency. The SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Notes were printed in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100. The scrip was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy. There was little to obtain with it. The camp was in operation from November 24, 1941 until early May 1945. Approximately 140,000...

  10. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutio...

  11. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June ...

  13. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institution...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 19...

  15. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen, acquired by Kindertransport refugee

    1. Gustav J. Meyer collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 [zwei] kronen, of the type distributed in German occupied Czechoslovakia acquired by Gustav Meyer. Gustav was sent to safety on a Kindertransport from Germany to Great Britain ca. 1938. Inmates in Theresienstadt were not allowed to have currency. The SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Notes were printed in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100. The scrip was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy. There was little to obtain with it. The camp was in operation from November 24, 1941 until early May 1945. Approximately 140,00...

  16. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The scrip was issued in the camp his parents had been deported to in 1943 and he placed this note into his Soldier’s Book. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien, arrested, and sent to an internment camp on the Isle of Man. Manfred later...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutio...

  18. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  19. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institution...

  20. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 19...