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Displaying items 10,181 to 10,200 of 10,261
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  1. WW I 8th Artillery gray shoulder boards with 8 worn by German Jewish soldier

    1. Carl Werner Lenneberg collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn44450
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Width: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) b: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Width: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm)

    Two German 8th Artillery gray shoulder straps with the numeral 8 owned by Carl Werner Lenneberg, a soldier in the 8th (Rhenish) Foot Artillery Battalion, XVI Army Corps, German Army, during the First World War. In January 1933, Hitler and the Nazi regime took power. Anti-Jewish policies put increasingly harsh restrictions on Jewish life. Werner and his brother Georg were arrested during Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, and sent to Dachau concentration camp. After release, they left Germany on the ill-fated voyage of the MS St. Louis to Havana, Cuba, May 13-June 17, 1939. Upon the ship's ...

  2. WW I Baden Cross for Volunteer War Aid awarded to a German Jewish veteran

    1. Mayer, Bierig, and Ehrmann families collection

    Kreuz für freiwillige Kriegshilfe [Volunteer War Aid Cross] 1914-1916, belonging to Oskar Ehrmann. The Cross was awarded to men and women who provided outstanding service in caring for the sick and wounded, outside the war zone, or for other voluntary service in support of the war. Ehrmann was awarded a Cross of Honor for service on the front line during the First World War (1914-1918), issued in 1934. Oskar's two brothers were also German Army officers in WWI. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power in Germany and enacted policies to persecute the Jewish population. Oskar decided to leave G...

  3. WWI anti-aircraft gun fuse fragment owned by a Jewish German soldier

    1. Carl Werner Lenneberg collection

    Fragment of a WWI anti-aircraft gun fuse saved by Carl Werner Lenneberg, a soldier in the 8th (Rhenish) Foot Artillery Reserve Battalion, XVI Army Corps, German Army, during the First World War. In January 1933, Hitler and the Nazi regime took power. Anti-Jewish policies put increasingly harsh restrictions on Jewish life. Werner and his brother Georg were arrested during Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, and sent to Dachau concentration camp. After release, they left Germany on the ill-fated voyage of the MS St. Louis to Havana, Cuba, May 13-June 17, 1939. Upon the ship's forced return to...

  4. WWI Hungarian War Supporter copper watch fob acquired by a Jewish army veteran

    1. Peter Veres family collection

    World War I Hungarian War Supporter copper watch ornament originally owned by Bela Krausz, issued for contributions to military aid for the year 1915/16. Bela, an Orthodox Jew and WWI veteran, was arrested in Budapest on May 31, 1944, following the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany on March 19. He was deported in July to an unknown concentration camp where he was killed. In November, his wife Lenke went into hiding with their daughter Kati and her children, and her son-in-law’s family. The city was liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945. Lenke brought the watch fob with her when she...

  5. WWI Iron Cross medal awarded to a German Jewish veteran

    1. Maier Firnbacher family collection

    Iron Cross awarded to Maier Firnbacher for bravery while serving in the German Army during World War I; it was issued in 1934. Maier was a cattle trader in Straubing, Germany, when Hitler came to power in 1933. Jews were forbidden to practice certain professions and in 1936, Maier's trading license was revoked. In 1938, he was forced to sell his farmland at a loss to a non-Jew. He got immigration visas for the United States for himself, his wife, Ida, and their 8 year old son, Manfred, but was arrested during Kristallnacht on November 10. He was released after three weeks in Dachau concentr...

  6. WWI Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with Swords and fitted box awarded to a German Jewish veteran

    1. Maier Firnbacher family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43004
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Depth: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) c: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm)

    Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with Swords and fitted case of issue awarded to Maier Firnbacher in 1916 for bravery while serving in the German Army during World War I. Maier was a cattle trader in Straubing, Germany, when Hitler came to power in 1933. Jews were forbidden to practice certain professions and, in 1936, Maier's trading license was revoked. In 1938, he was forced to sell his farmland at a loss to a non-Jew. He got immigration visas for the United States for himself, his wife, Ida, and their 8 year old son, Manfred, then was arrested during Kristallnacht on November 10. He was r...

  7. WWII European refugees arrive in New York City

    New York Harbor, new arrivals to America. DPs from Europe, they are not all Jewish DPs, but they are all war refugees. VS, the ship named US Army Transport General WM. Black. Tracking shot of ship's arrival to NYC. Refugees and the crew of the ship wave to the camera as they enter the harbor. VS of New York harbor and the Statue of Liberty.

  8. Wyższy Dowódca SS i Policji Wschód Der Höhere Schutzstaffeln (SS) und Polizeiführe Ost (GK 901)

    Consists of collection of orders of the Reichsführer-SS regarding the forced labor of Polish workers, 1939-1944, the organizational decree no. 1, 26 June 1942 regarding activities of police authorities in occupied Poland, set of guidelines for general matters, a daily order no. 46 regarding the transfer of officers to other positions, 1943; name lists of associates of SS-Obergruppenführer Krüger , and officers of the WD office, as well as names of civil and military administration institutions, and a name list of Polish and Ukrainian police in the General Government, 1940-1944. Includes a c...

  9. XXX Corps patch worn by a British soldier and Kindertransport refugee

    1. Norman A. Miller family collection

    British Army XXX Corps patch worn by Norman Miller (previously Norbert Müller), a German Jewish refugee, during his service in the British Army from 1944 to 1947. The XXX Corps was attached to the 21st Army Group and participated in D-Day landings at Normandy and the invasion of Europe, known as Operation Overlord. On November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht in Nuremberg, Germany, the apartment Norbert shared with his parents, Sebald and Laura, younger sister, Suse, and grandmother, Clara Jüngster, was ransacked by local men with axes. In late August 1939, Norbert, managed to leave Germany fo...

  10. Yad Vashem

    University course-debate at Yad Vashem. Shalmi Barmore, the Director of Education, stands in front of an assembly of military students after showing a film. Barmore and several students debate the resistance actions of the Jews during the Holocaust. They show concern that the Holocaust could happen again, in any country, including Israel. A student asks why the world appeared to be uninterested in helping the Jews during the Holocaust. Another student responds that the world was aware of what was occurring, but due to the violent situation they could not do more than accept refugees. A stud...

  11. Yakov E. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Yakov E., who was born in Poland in approximately 1930, the oldest of three children. He recalls his family's Zionism (an uncle had emigrated to Israel); antisemitic harassment; belonging to Gordonyah; his father's importance in the town; Soviet occupation; leaving on an evacuation train to Kazakhstan in 1941, the only Jewish family to do so (his father was not with them); stopping a few days in Saratov en route; difficulties being accepted by other Jews in Kazakhstan; knowing nothing about the Holocaust; receiving a package from relatives in Israel; attending school;...

  12. Yasha M. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Yasha M., who was born in Szczuczyn, Poland (presently Shchuchyn, Belarus) in 1920. He recounts attending school in Vilna; participating in Hashomer Hatzair; Soviet occupation; being sent to Lida to work in a factory; German invasion; fleeing with a friend to Baranovichy; traveling on a train with other Jews to the Warsaw ghetto; escaping; returning to Szczuczyn via Hrodna; forced agricultural labor; a round-up and mass killing of the Jews (he, his father and stepmother were selected for work); transfer to Lida in May 1942; working as a carpenter; escaping to the fore...

  13. Yehuda A. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Yehuda A., who was born in Wu?rzburg, Germany in 1924. He recalls his family's liberal orthodoxy; attending school; antisemitic harassment and violence after Hitler's ascent to power; emigration with his family to Palestine in 1935; enlisting in the British army in 1941; smuggling arms and refugees to Palestine after his discharge; joining the Haganah in 1946, then the Palmah? in 1947; serving in the Israel-Arab War; meeting the poet Haim Gouri in the military; beginning to write poetry; marriage in 1949; and writing a novel resulting from his visit to Wu?rzburg and t...

  14. Yehuda Zerzy Singer papers

    The Yehuda Zerzy Singer papers contain a handwritten diary, photographs, and documents relating to Yehuda Zerzy Singer’s experiences in Poland and Russia during World War II and his life in Palestine after his arrival with the "Teheran Children." The collection includes school certificates, a postcard, identification cards, and photographs of Yehuda in Kibbutz Ein Harod. The diary was written, in Polish, by Yehuda from September 1, 1939, the day of the invasion of Nazi Germany into Poland, until the beginning of 1942, about one year prior to his arrival in Palestine. The diary documents the...

  15. Yellow cardboard badge with Croatian Z for Jew worn by a Sephardic Jewish man

    1. Leon Kabiljo collection

    Jewish paper identification badge with a Z for Zidov, Jew in Croatian, worn by Leon Kabiljo beginning in May 1941 after Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the German led Axis Alliance in April. Leon and his wife Shary, Sephardic Jews, married the day of the invasion. They lived in Travnik, which had become part of the Independent State of Croatia under the Fascist Ustasa who viciously persecuted Jews, Serbs, and Muslims. Three times, Leon escaped being taken for forced labor. In December 1941, he acquired false papers and fled to Italian occupied Yugoslavia, where Shary joined him. I...

  16. Yellow cloth armband printed Deutsche Wehrmacht

    1. Gerald Schwab collection

  17. Yellow cloth Star of David badge with Juif for Jew worn by a Polish refugee in Paris

    1. Max Feld and Rose Feld-Rosman collection

    Star of David badge worn by 25 year old Raisa Steinberg Feld in Paris, France, from June 1942. Jews in France were required to wear these on their outer clothing at all times after May 1942; badges were often cut from a pre-printed roll. After Paris was occupied by Germany in May 1940, foreign Jews were in danger of arrest and imprisonment. Raisa and her husband, Max, both deaf, were Jewish refugees from Poland and Germany. In May 1941, Max was arrested and, in July 1942, deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. Raisa went into hiding with their 1.5 year old daughter, Esther, her ...

  18. Yellow cloth vest with 5 brass buttons owned by a German Jewish businessman in Shanghai

    1. Adelaide and Fritz Kauffmann collection

    Vest that belonged to Fritz Kauffmann, a German Jewish businessman, who lived in Shanghai, China, from 1931-1949. He was active in Jewish community aid efforts before and during World War II. In 1940, because of Nazi politics and the outbreak of war, he resigned from the German firm for which he worked and opened his own import/export business. He was deprived of his German citizenship in 1941 for being Jewish and living abroad. However, as a longtime resident and successful businessman in Shanghai, he was able to surmount wartime difficulties and assist the more recent Jewish refugees who ...

  19. Yellow metal badge with Croatian Z for Jew worn by a Sephardic Jew

    1. Leon Kabiljo collection

    Yellow metal badge with a Z for Zidov, Jew in Croatian, worn by Leon Kabiljo beginning in May 1941 after Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the German led Axis Alliance in April. Leon and his wife Shary, Sephardic Jews, married the day of the invasion. They lived in Travnik, which had become part of the Independent State of Croatia under the Fascist Ustasa who viciously persecuted Jews, Serbs, and Muslims. Three times, Leon escaped being taken for forced labor. In December 1941, he acquired false papers and fled to Italian occupied Yugoslavia, where Shary joined him. In September 194...

  20. Yellow plastic comb with cardboard case carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Lilli Schischa Tauber family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn521885
    • English
    • a: Height: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm)

    Comb with case kept by 11 year Lilly (Karoline) Schischa when she was sent on a Kindertransport from Austria to Great Britain on July 13, 1939. It was a kit made for use while traveling. In March 1938, Nazi Germany marched into Austria and made it part of the Third Reich. Jewish persecution. The clothing store owned by Lilly's parents, Wilhelm and Johanna, in Wiener Neustadt was seized. Lilly's brother, Edi, age 24, left for Palestine in October 1938. Her father was arrested during the Kristallnacht pogrom that November, but released after ten days. Her parents were able to get Lilly out of...