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Displaying items 4,421 to 4,440 of 10,261
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  1. British Defence Medal 1939-1945 ribbon awarded to Jewish Brigade veteran

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection

    British Defence Medal 1939-1945 ribbon awarded to Shmuel Givol Gotthold. Gotthold was a soldier in the Jewish Brigade, British Army, 2nd Jewish Battalion, Palestine Regiment. In the immediate postwar period he was stationed in the British Zone in Germany where he helped trace missing persons and aided refugees desperate to know whether their family members had survived. The Brigade was established by the British in September 1944. It included more than 5000 Jewish volunteers living in Palestine and was the only independent, national Jewish unit to serve in WWII. The unit served in combat du...

  2. Striped wool blanket used by Raya Markon during “L’exode” (The Exodus) in France

    1. Alain Markon and Raya Magid Markon family collection

    Striped, Moroccan wool blanket used by Raya Markon, during her escape from Paris to the south of France in June 1940, on what became known as "L'exode" (Exodus). Raya used the blanket to cover the broken and exposed springs in the car seat while she traveled. Raya and Alexander were immigrants from Vilna, Poland, who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, Raya fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by Alexander after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas and, while they were waiting to rece...

  3. Toddler's red leather shoe worn by Alain Markon in Vichy France

    1. Alain Markon and Raya Magid Markon family collection

    Red leather shoe worn by toddler Alain Markon while living under the Vichy regime in France with his parents, Alexander and Raya, in 1941 and 1942. Alain's parents were immigrants from Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, his mother fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by his father after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas. and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born in June 1941. They received their visas in 1942, and made...

  4. Toddler's white knit undershirt worn by Alain Markon in Vichy France

    1. Alain Markon and Raya Magid Markon family collection

    White, knit, sleeveless undershirt worn by toddler Alain Markon while living under the Vichy regime in France with his parents, Alexander and Raya, in 1941 and 1942. Alain's parents were immigrants from Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, his mother fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by his father after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas. and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born in June 1941. They received their visas...

  5. Toddler's red and blue striped rompers worn by Alain Markon in Vichy France

    1. Alain Markon and Raya Magid Markon family collection

    Red and blue striped rompers worn by toddler Alain Markon while living under the Vichy regime in France with his parents, Alexander and Raya, in 1941 and 1942. Alain's parents were immigrants from Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, his mother fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by his father after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas. and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born in June 1941. They received their visas in 19...

  6. Embossed aluminum flat top steamer trunk used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Eleanor and Ernest Fried collection

    Steamer trunk, part of a set with 2005.140.3, used by Ernest Fried when he emigrated to the United States from Germany in 1938. Ernest was running the family lumber business in Landau when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and Jews often were forced to give up their businesses. Ernest and his mother were preparing to leave Germany when Ernest was arrested on November 10, 1938, during Kristallnacht. He was on a transport to Dachau concentration camp when the Gestapo found a receipt for his emigrat...

  7. Upright embossed aluminum wardrobe trunk used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Eleanor and Ernest Fried collection

    Standing trunk, part of a matched set (2005.140.4), used by Ernest Ludwig when he emigrated to the United States from Germany in 1938. Ernest was running the family lumber business in Landau when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and Jews often were forced to give up their businesses. Ernest and his mother were preparing to leave Germany when Ernest was arrested on November 10, 1938, during Kristallnacht. He was on a transport to Dachau concentration camp when the Gestapo found a receipt for his ...

  8. Flat top brown steamer trunk used by a German Jewish woman during emigration

    1. Eleanor and Ernest Fried collection

    Trunk used by 22-year old Eleanor Lustig when she left Germany for the United States in 1937. Eleanor was Protestant but her father was born Jewish, though he had converted to Protestantism before marrying her mother. The anti-Jewish laws enacted by the Nazi government beginning in 1933 used genetic ancestry to determine racial purity. Under these laws, Eleanor was considered Jewish and the anti-Semitic persecution made life difficult for her. She left Hamburg on the SS Washington for the United States in November 1937.

  9. Interior of the Wacs' home in Shanghai

    1. Ilie Wacs collection

    Drawing by 18 year old Ilie Wacs of the room and window next to his father’s workspace in Shanghai, China, where he sat and sketched the activities on the street below. Ilie’s family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war. With the assistance of the American Joint Distribution Committee, a Jewish aid organizatio...

  10. Makeshift stove in the Wacs' home in Shanghai

    1. Ilie Wacs collection

    Drawing by 17 year old Ilie Wacs of the cooking stove made with a flower pot, used in his family’s home in Shanghai, China. Ilie’s family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war. With the assistance of the American Joint Distribution Committee, a Jewish aid organization, Ilie received a scholarship to study art i...

  11. Street scene in Shanghai

    1. Ilie Wacs collection

    Drawing by 18 year old Ilie Wacs of the Shanghai street scene viewed from the window of his family’s apartment. Ilie’s family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war. With the assistance of the American Joint Distribution Committee, a Jewish aid organization, Ilie received a scholarship to study art in Paris.

  12. Man in overcoat carrying cane, drawn to illustrate pattern

    1. Ilie Wacs collection

    Drawing by 17 year old Ilie Wacs of a man modeling an overcoat, based on the tailoring patterns of his father, Moritz. Ilie’s family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war. With the assistance of the American Joint Distribution Committee, a Jewish aid organization, Ilie received a scholarship to study art in Paris.

  13. Man in 2-breasted suit carrying newspaper, drawn to illustrate pattern

    1. Ilie Wacs collection

    Drawing by 17 year old Ilie Wacs of a man modeling a suit, based on the tailoring patterns of his father, Moritz. Ilie’s family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war. With the assistance of the American Joint Distribution Committee, a Jewish aid organization, Ilie received a scholarship to study art in Paris.

  14. Man in a 3-button suit, drawn to illustrate pattern

    1. Ilie Wacs collection

    Drawing by 17 year old Ilie Wacs of a man modeling a 3-button suit, based on the tailoring pattern of his father, Moritz. Ilie’s family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war. With the assistance of the American Joint Distribution Committee, a Jewish aid organization, Ilie received a scholarship to study art in ...

  15. Set of 10 patterns for menswear

    1. Ilie Wacs collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517218
    • English
    • 1943-1945
    • a: Height: 16.380 inches (41.605 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) b: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 16.620 inches (42.215 cm) c: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 16.620 inches (42.215 cm) d: Height: 13.880 inches (35.255 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm) e: Height: 13.880 inches (35.255 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm) f: Height: 13.880 inches (35.255 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm) g: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm) h: Height: 13.750 inches (34.925 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm) i: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm) j: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm)

    Group of men’s clothing patterns created by Moritz Wacs for his tailor’s shop in Shanghai. The Wacs family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but Ilie’s family survived the war.

  16. ORT Shanghai Course in Cutting Men's Clothing by M. Wacs

    1. Ilie Wacs collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517220
    • English
    • 1943-1945
    • overall: Height: 14.250 inches (36.195 cm) | Width: 15.000 inches (38.1 cm) overall: Height: 14.120 inches (35.865 cm) | Width: 15.000 inches (38.1 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)

    Book of menswear patterns created by Moritz Wacs in Shanghai. Moritz Wacs was able to re-establish a tailoring business in Shanghai after he arrived there as a refugee from Nazi tyranny. He created this pattern book as a training manual. The Wacs family left Vienna for Shanghai soon after Kristallnacht in November, 1938. Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in March 1938 and the persecution of Jews was increasingly violent. In 1943, the Japanese, who controlled Shanghai, forced most Jewish refugees into ghettos. Conditions were very harsh, but the family survived the war.

  17. Stefan and Frederike Deutsch family papers

    1. Stefan and Frederike Deutsch family collection

    The Stefan and Frederike Deutsch family papers contain a detailed account of one family’s emigration attempts from Nazi Germany to refuge abroad. The collection includes citizenship, naturalization, and immigration papers, as well as passports (Reisepass) for Stefan and Frederike Deutsch used during their 1939 emigration from Breslau to Bolivia, and after the war, to the United States. The collection also contains a passport and military deferment papers for Salo Hahn, the father of Frederike Deutsch, from the late 19th century, and a passport (Reisepass) for Robert Buch, the father of Stef...

  18. World War I Iron Cross with a black and white ribbon awarded to a German soldier

    1. Stefan and Frederike Deutsch family collection

    World War I Iron Cross awarded to Stefan Deutsch for bravery in combat while serving in the German Army.

  19. World War I wound badge for a cap awarded to a German soldier

    1. Stefan and Frederike Deutsch family collection

    World War I wound badge awarded to Stefan Deutsch for injuries sustained while serving in the German Army.

  20. Soviet Union, 3 chervonets note, acquired by a Hungarian Jewish forced laborer

    1. Louis Davis collection

    Soviet bank note, 3 chervonets, issued 1937, acquired by 21-year old Ladislav Davidovic when he served in a Hungarian forced labor unit on the Russian front during World War II. Louis was from a region in Czechoslovakia that was annexed by Hungary in 1938. He was able to stay in school at the Jewish Gymnasium, but when he graduated in 1943, he was ordered into the Hungarian army, close allies of Nazi Germany. He was put in charge of a forced labor battalion of Jewish boys who were responsible for rebuilding bombed railroads on the eastern front during the German retreat from Russia. After l...