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Displaying items 181 to 200 of 10,261
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  1. Glass bottle of dark blue stamp ink and original box used by a Dutch resistance member to forge identity cards

    1. Gerry van Heel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn42662
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm)

    Glass bottle of blue ink with original packaging used by Gerry van Heel to forge documents for the Dutch resistance and for Jewish people living in hiding in Eindhoven, Holland. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. By summer 1942, the Germans were deporting Jews to concentration camps. Gerry and his wife Molly aided resistance efforts by hiding wounded English pilots, Dutch Army officers, and Jews. In the fall of 1942, Molly urged her friend, Dora Kann, to go into hiding. Molly and Gerald hid Dora's young daughters, 12 year old Elise and 8 year old Judith; their brothers, 14 ye...

  2. Albert Dov Sigal monochrome sepia etching of men near a metal hut in a detention camp created from a drawing done during his imprisonment

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn3283
    • English
    • 1948
    • overall: Height: 13.125 inches (33.338 cm) | Width: 14.375 inches (36.513 cm) pictorial area: Height: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm)

    Artist's proof of an etching based on a drawing created by Albert Dov Sigal in 1948 while he was imprisoned with his wife, Rozi, and young son, Daniel, in a British detention camp in Cyprus waiting for permission to enter Palestine. The print depicts men gathered near metal Nissen hut, possibly a bathing facility, with plants and other structures nearby. Palestine was ruled by the British under a United Nations mandate and the postwar immigration policy was very restrictive. Ships attempting to bring unauthorized refugees to the country were stopped and the passengers were interned. In 1939...

  3. Concentration camp uniform jacket worn by a Polish Jewish inmate

    1. Marek Watnicki collection

    Striped concentration uniform jacket worn by Mieczyslaw Watnicki in Auschwitz concentration camp from late 1940 until his liberation in Germany in May 1945. The jacket breast has a white patch with an inverted red triangle with a P and the number 13760., one digit off from Mieczyslaw's number 137605. The red triangle with P indicates a Polish political prisoner. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Mieczyslaw lived in Warsaw under a false identity as a non-Jew. He was arrested in late 1940 for falsifying identity papers, but the Gestapo did not discover that he was Jewish. He was...

  4. Henckels table knife with a scalloped edge brought with German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    J.A. Henckels table knife taken with Ernestine Wiesenthal when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to London, England in 1939. A partial maker’s mark is visible, but is missing the twin mark that identifies when a Henckels piece was manufactured. The knife matches another in the same collection (.2), which does have the twin mark with arched legs, which was utilized from 1900 until the middle of the Twentieth century. The knife handle is likely made of silver, though it does not bear any silver marks. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Following the passage...

  5. AJDC bar patch worn by a former concentration camp inmate and refugee aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC) badge worn by aid worker Hans Finke when he worked for the relief organization after the end of World War II. He was at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945. An electrician by trade, he began working for the British and then various aid groups after it became a displaced persons camp. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. In February 1943, Hans, 23, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was ho...

  6. Blue, white and yellow Jewish Relief Unit Star of David badge worn by a German Jewish nurse

    JRU [Jewish Relief Unit] Star of David shaped pin worn by 26 year old Alice Redlich while working as a nurse at Bergen Belsen displaced persons camp. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice had left Germany in 1938 to study nursing in Great Britain. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, arrived with Team 110 in Bergen-Belsen. She cared for infants, children and young women, and taught hygiene. When Alice left Berlin, she left behind her parents Ella and Georg and younger ...

  7. Albert Dov Sigal muted watercolor painting of a young woman, holding an infant, walking with her family on a seaside road based upon his arrival in Palestine

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection

    Watercolor painting created by Albert Dov Sigal based upon the experiences of his family as newly arrived emigrants to Palestine on February 22, 1948. It depicts the artist and his family as they arrive in their new home. It is an image of a man with bags, followed by two women, one with a baby, with a small village in the background. This was a preparatory sketch for a lithograph. See 1990.242.2 and 1990.242.4 for other versions of this scene. In 1939, Sigal was arrested by the fascist, antisemitic Romanian government and assigned to a forced labor battalion that repaired and built roads a...

  8. Monogrammed dinner knife brought with a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    Dinner knife engraved with Ernestine Unger Wiesenthal’s initials and taken with her when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to London, England in 1939. The threaded design and script used for the initials match another knife from the same donor (2008.204.5), in addition to a ladle (.4) in that collection as well. The knife handle is likely made of silver, though it does not bear any marks to verify that. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Following the passage of the Nuremberg laws in 1935, Ernestine’s son, Fritz, began looking for places where the family ...

  9. Name tag worn postwar by a former concentration camp inmate

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Name tag worn postwar by Hans Finke, a concentration camp inmate who became an aid worker after the war. He was at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945. An electrician by trade, he began working for the British and then various aid groups after it became a displaced persons camp. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. In February 1943, Hans, 23, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was hospitalized with appendicitis. On February 29, his parents...

  10. Glass bottle of red stamp ink and original box used by a Dutch resistance member to forge identity cards

    1. Gerry van Heel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn42643
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.875 inches (7.302 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm)

    Glass bottle of red ink with original packaging used by Gerry van Heel to forge documents for the Dutch resistance and for Jewish people living in hiding in Eindhoven, Holland. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. By summer 1942, the Germans were deporting Jews to concentration camps. Gerry and his wife Molly aided resistance efforts by hiding wounded English pilots, Dutch Army officers, and Jews. In the fall of 1942, Molly urged her friend, Dora Kann, to go into hiding. Molly and Gerald hid Dora's young daughters, 12 year old Elise and 8 year old Judith; their brothers, 14 yea...

  11. Albert Dov Sigal watercolor sketch of a woman in a headdress and gown attended by servants offering gifts to a king with a scepter

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection

    Watercolor sketch created by Albert Dov Sigal when he lived in Israel from 1948-1958. It depicts the Queen of Sheba presenting her gifts to King Solomon who stands on an orange stepped platform, holding his scepter in one hand and reaching out with his other. In 1939, Sigal was arrested by the fascist, antisemitic Romanian government and assigned to a forced labor battalion that repaired and built roads and railways. He started an underground art school with a group of friends and was active in the Romanian resistance. On December 27, 1947, he and his family sailed from Burgas, Bulgaria, to...

  12. Henckels dinner knife brought with a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    J.A. Henckels table knife taken with Ernestine Wiesenthal when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to London, England in 1939. A partial maker’s mark is visible, but is missing the twin mark that identifies when a Henckels piece was manufactured. The knife handle is likely made of silver, though it does not bear any marks to confirm that. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Following the passage of the Nuremberg laws in 1935, Ernestine’s son, Fritz, began looking for places where the family could immigrate as life became increasingly difficult for German Jew...

  13. Irene and Henry Frank papers

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    The Irene and Henry Frank papers include correspondence, biographical materials, photographs, and Theresienstadt and Deggendorf materials documenting Irene and Henry Frank from Berlin, their survival in concentration and labor camps during the Holocaust, and their immigration to the United States in 1946. Correspondence primarily consists of messages from Henry’s mother, Anna, in Theresienstadt that were delivered to Henry at the Wulkow labor camp when supplies were delivered from Theresienstadt to Wulkow. Additional messages from Theresienstadt to Henry at Wulkow come from his sister, Inge...

  14. Albert Dov Sigal gouache painting of a yeshiva class with a teacher preparing to punish 1 terrified boy with a comically long belt as 3 watch

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection

    Gouache and watercolor painting created by Albert Dov Sigal when he lived in Israel from 1948-1958. It depicts, in a caricatured and light-hearted style, a schoolroom interior with a very large bearded teacher preparing to strike one boy with upraised arms with an extremely long strap while three other boys watch from a nearby table. In 1939, Sigal was arrested by the fascist, antisemitic Romanian government and assigned to a forced labor battalion that repaired and built roads and railways. He started an underground art school with a group of friends and was active in the Romanian resistan...

  15. Star of David patch worn by a German Jewish concentration camp inmate

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Judenstern badge worn by Hans Finke, a concentration camp survivor who became an aid worker after the war. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. Jews were forced out of their jobs and their businesses were confiscated. In February 1943, Hans, 23, an electrician by trade, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was hospitalized with appendicitis. On February 29, his parents were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz. On March 8, the Gestapo raided the hospital and arrested staff and p...

  16. Star of David patch worn by a German Jewish concentration camp inmate

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Judenstern badge worn by Hans Finke, a concentration camp survivor who became an aid worker after the war. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. Jews were forced out of their jobs and their businesses were confiscated. In February 1943, Hans, 23, an electrician by trade, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was hospitalized with appendicitis. On February 29, his parents were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz. On March 8, the Gestapo raided the hospital and arrested staff and p...

  17. Concentration camp uniform pants with red triangle patch worn by Polish Jewish inmate

    1. Marek Watnicki collection

    Striped blue and gray concentration uniform pants worn by Mieczyslaw Watnicki in Auschwitz concentration camp from late 1940 until his liberation in Germany in May 1945. The pants have a red inverted triangle badge with the letter P on the upper left thigh. This would indicate that Mieczyslaw was a Polish political prisoner. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Mieczyslaw lived in Warsaw under a false identity as a non-Jew. He was arrested in late 1940 for falsifying identity papers, but the Gestapo did not discover that he was Jewish. He was sent to Auschwitz as a Polish politic...

  18. Monogrammed silver ladle brought with a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    Large, silver ladle engraved with Ernestine Unger Wiesenthal’s initials and taken with her when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to London, England in 1939. The long stem suggests that this ladle was used to serve liquids from deep dishes, and the fiddlehead shape of the handle was very popular in the 1800s. The maker’s mark might refer to Emil Harnisch, and the 12 Lothian silver purity mark on the back suggests this piece was made prior to the 1888 change in German silver marks. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Following the passage of the Nuremberg l...

  19. Albert Dov Sigal small red and green colored etching of a couple standing with heads touching next to a seated dejected man with a crown

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn5781
    • English
    • 1948-1958
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm)

    Etched print created by Albert Dov Sigal when he lived in Israel from 1948-1958. It presents David standing with Michal, Saul's daughter, their heads touching; her arm is across his chest and he holds a lyre. Next to them is a downcast, bearded King Saul seated in a large chair. This is a preparatory drawing for a copper engraving. It is similar to the watercolor sketch, 1992.113.9. In 1939, Sigal was arrested by the fascist, antisemitic Romanian government and assigned to a forced labor battalion that repaired and built roads and railways. He started an underground art school with a group ...

  20. Peach floral printed chemise saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Floral printed silk slip custom made for Anna Havas Gondos and taken with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with her husband Bela and 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport all the Jews from Hungary t...