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Displaying items 121 to 140 of 7,701
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  1. Pink ribbon garter owned by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Pink ribbon garter owned by Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 10 and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen...

  2. Pink ribbon garter owned by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Pink ribbon garter owned by Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 10 and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen...

  3. Oil Hanukiah used by a Polish Jewish refugee family

    1. Henrik Roth family collection

    Oil Hanukiah used in Paris after the war by the Rath family who survived in Poland under assumed identities.

  4. Red leather photograph case carried by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Lilly Morawetz collection

    Dark red leather photograph display case carried by Lilly Morawetz in her backpack in 1939 when she fled German occupied Prague, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) for France. She kept it with her while held in Gurs internment camp in 1940 and during her flight through Spain and Portugal to the US in 1941. After Germany annexed Austria in 1938, Lilly sent her youngest child, Margit, 16, to Paris. Lilly was visiting Margit that September when Germany annexed the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. She hurried back to Prague to sell their home. In March 1939, she was still in Prague when Germany anne...

  5. Calling card brought to the US by an Austrian refugee

    Calling card for Stefany Hammerschidt found in the autograph album, 1994.53.6.1, owned by Irene Rosenthal. Irene fled Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in March 1940. German troops marched over the border into Austria in March 1938. The next day, Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. Anti-Jewish legislation was enacted to strip Jews of their civil rights. The November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom vandalized Jewish businesses and homes and destroyed most of the synagogues in Austria. Irene received a visa to leave Austria in March and sailed that month from Genoa, Italy, to New York.

  6. Peach floral printed chemise saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Floral printed silk slip custom made for Anna Havas Gondos and taken with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with her husband Bela and 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport all the Jews from Hungary t...

  7. Circular, geometric-patterned earring owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Single damascene earring brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The earring likely belonged to her mother, Pauline Schwarzbart (née Flesch). Herta lived in Vienna with her mother and father, Arthur Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. Arthur died from tetanus in November 1914 during his military service in World War I. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling children’s clothing out of a storefront...

  8. Miniature ivory penknife carried by an Austrian refugee family

    1. Elisabeth Orsten family collection

    Miniature penknife given to 13 year old Elisabeth Ornstein by her parents Hilda and Paul after they were reunited in New York in 1940 during the war. Elisabeth and her family were from Vienna where the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938 led to severe anti-Semitic persecution. Although they were practicing Catholics and did not identify themselves as Jews, they were Jews under Nazi law. After Kristallnacht in November 9, 1938, Elisabeth's parents decided to send the children out of the country. Elisabeth and Georg, 9 years, were given passage on a Kindertransport to England by the Quak...

  9. Silver floral embossed candlestick acquired by a former Kindertransport refugee

    1. John and Gisela Marx Eden collection

    Silver embossed candlestick, one of a pair, with 2013.476.4, owned by John Peter Eden (formerly Hans Eibuschitz), who escaped Czechoslovakia on a Kindertransport in 1939. The candlesticks were possibly brought to the United States before the war by John’s grandmother. After Germany invaded and annexed Czechoslovakia in March 1939, 12 year old Hans, and 9 year old brother Steven were sent to Great Britain on a Kindertransport. Hans was placed in private boarding schools. After graduation, he attended the London School of Economics to study actuarial science. In 1944 or 1945, he began trainin...

  10. Silver floral embossed candlestick acquired by a former Kindertransport refugee

    1. John and Gisela Marx Eden collection

    Silver embossed candlestick, one of a pair, with 2013.476.3, owned by John Peter Eden (formerly Hans Eibuschitz), who escaped Czechoslovakia on a Kindertransport in 1939. The candlesticks were possibly brought to the United States before the war by John’s grandmother and given to him later. After Germany invaded and annexed Czechoslovakia in March 1939, 12 year old Hans, and 9 year old brother Steven were sent to Great Britain on a Kindertransport. Hans was placed in private boarding schools. After graduation, he attended the London School of Economics to study actuarial science. In 1944 or...

  13. Ina Felczer: photographs of refugee hostel in Harrogate

    This collection contains two digital photographs of refugees at a girls' hostel in Harrogate, North Yorkshire. Arriving in the UK Ina Felczer initially stayed in Leeds before being sent to the hostel in Harrogate.

  15. Leather luggage tag used by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Otto Schick collection

    Leather luggage tag used by Otto Schick, 33, when he emigrated from Vienna, Austria, to United States in June 1940. He left by ship from Genoa, Italy, with three handmade trunks, but all the trunks, except one, were lost during the crossing. Otto worked as a metal worker in Vienna which was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938. Not long after this, he joined an underground vigilante resistance group whose ultimate goal was to assassinate Hitler. In June 1940, Otto received a visa and left for the US. His mother and sister were deported from Vienna to a concentration camp where they perishe...

  16. Painted wooden spice box kept by by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Hannah Kronheim Deutch collection

    Olive wood spice tower with cloves carried by 17 year old Hannah Kronheim when she left Bochum, Germany, on the Kinderstransport [Children's Transport] in 1939. The box was made in Palestine and used for years by her family. A spice (besamim) box is used during the Havdalah, or separation ceremony, at the end of Shabbat every week. The box is filled with a fragrant spice, such as cinnamon or cloves, and is passed around so that everyone can be be rejuvenated by the sweet smell. Hannah left soon after Kristallnacht, November 9 and 10, 1938, when the synagogue behind her home was set on fire....

  17. Silver sugar tongs carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Hannah Kronheim Deutch collection

    Sugar tongs carried by Hannah Kronheim, 17, who left Germany in 1939 on the Kinderstransport [Children's Transport]. She left soon after Kristallnacht, November 9 and 10, 1938, when the synagogue behind her home in Bochum was set on fire. She arrived in Harwich, England, on February 3, 1939. Hannah was older than most of the children, and no placement arrangements were made for her. She was housed in a boarding house, then a hostel until November 1940 when she was sent to Port Erin internment camp on the Isle of Man. Her mother, Ella Kronheim Mayer, left for Chile on August 25, 1939, with h...

  18. Rose embroidered tablecloth kept by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Hannah Kronheim Deutch collection

    Tablecloth with roses embroidered by her mother carried by 17 year old Hannah Kronheim when she left Germany on the Kinderstransport [Children's Transport] in 1939. Hannah left soon after Kristallnacht, November 9 and 10, 1938, when the synagogue behind her home in Bochum was set on fire. She arrived in Harwich, England, on February 3, 1939. Hannah was older than most of the children, and no placement arrangements were made for her. She was housed in a boarding house, then a hostel until November 1940 when she was sent to Port Erin internment camp on the Isle of Man. Her mother, Ella Kronhe...

  19. Decorated porcelain teacup saved by a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    Meissen, ivy-patterned teacup brought with Gertrude Wiesenthal when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany. In March 1939, Gertrude joined her husband, Fritz, and daughters, Illa and Nellie, in the United States. The teacup bears the Meissen, crossed swords maker’s mark and the number 44 beneath, which may be a date stamp indicating it was produced in 1844. Pieces bearing the ivy pattern are often accented with gold lines, and the lack of those here may suggest that this is a factory second, which Gertrude enjoyed acquiring. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. F...

  20. Brown leather billfold brought with a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    Leather, bifold wallet taken with Ernestine Wiesenthal when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany, to London, England in 1939. The billfold originally belonged to her husband, Otto Wiesenthal, who passed away in 1930. Otto had been a physician, and a slip of paper, identifying his status as a Privy Medical Consultant, is still adhered to the interior. This was an honorary title bestowed on respected medical doctors with more than 20 years of experience. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Following the passage of the Nuremberg laws in 1935, Ernestine’s son, Fri...