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Displaying items 61 to 80 of 1,270
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Item type: Archival Descriptions

  1. Barbed wire and a key in a shadow box display belonging to a German-American internee

    1. Arthur Jacobs collection

    A collection of objects commemorating the February 1946 stay of Arthur Jacobs at Camp 76, a detention center for German repatriates used by the United States Army at Hohenasperg in Asperg, Germany. Arthur was born in New York to German parents. In November 1944, his father, Lambert Dietrich, was arrested on unsubstantiated information and interned at the Ellis Island Immigration Station as an enemy alien. In February 1945, Arthur, his brother, and his mother voluntarily joined Lambert at Ellis Island. At the end of April, the family was transferred to the Crystal City Texas Family Internmen...

  2. Bear, a stuffed koala bear, with modern covering, carried by a German Jewish girl on a Kindertransport

    1. John and Gisela Marx Eden collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn609624
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) b: Height: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm)

    Stuffed koala bear named Bear, with cover knitted by Gisela in 2001, carried by Gisela Marx, 14, on a Kindertransport from Dulken, Germany, to Great Britain in August 1939. The Nazi regime, in power since 1933, persecuted the Jewish population. Leopold, a former diplomat and WWI veteran, and Erna, a member of a wealthy, landowning family, thought their status would protect them, but in 1939, they decided to send Gisela to safety. The friend paid to care for her never showed up, and she was sent to live with an Orthodox rabbi, and then to boarding school. In 1941, Gisela had to perform milit...

  3. Bearded man hand puppet created by a German Jewish Holocaust survivor and World War II veteran

    1. Albert Günther Hess collection

    Handmade, papier-mâché hand puppet of a bearded man created by Albert Guenther Hess in New York as a way to cope with his experiences as a Holocaust survivor and soldier in World War II. Albert Guenther Hess’s family owned a successful chemical factory in the town of Pirna, Germany. Albert studied law, but also had a passion for music and film. In 1933, Albert was fired from his legal position in the Ministry of Justice because he was Jewish. He then took a position as a legal advisor for his family’s business. In 1937, he began working in Belgium as a representative for his family’s compan...

  4. Beige leather purse with decorative piping used by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Lilli Schischa Tauber family collection

    Beige leather handbag with shoulder strap bought by Lilli (Karoline) Schischa in Great Briatin where she was sent on a Kindertransport from Austria on July 13, 1939. Lilli bought the purse in England ca. 1945 and used it to store the seventy letters she received from her brother Edi from Palestine. In March 1938, Nazi Germany marched into Austria and made it part of the Third Reich. The clothing store owned by Lilli's parents, Wilhelm and Johanna, in Wiener Neustadt was seized. Lilli's brother, Edi, 24, left for Palestine in October 1938. Her father was arrested during the Kristallnacht pog...

  5. Belgium, 10 francs or 2 belga note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Bank note, valued at 10 francs, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German-Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. Manfred’s troop served in Belgium during the fall of 1944 and he placed this note into his Soldier’s Book. The note was a special issue distributed by the National Bank of Belgium after allied forces liberated the country from German occupation in 1944. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien...

  6. Belt for a kittel [ceremonial robe] saved by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Frank Meissner family collection

    Long, narrow belt for a kittel, a ceremonial robe worn by a Jewish male, used by Norbert Meissner, who was president of the synagogue in Trest, Czechoslovakia, before and during the Holocaust. He and his wife, Lotte, and son, Leo, were deported to Theresienstadt in 1943. A year later, they were sent to Auschwitz death camp where they perished. The belt was preserved by his son, Frank. Frank, age 16, left Czechoslovakia in October 1939 because of the increasing Nazi persecution of Jews as Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany and its allies. With the encouragement of his family, he ...

  7. Benjamin Buchsbaum papers

    The collection primarily contains correspondence sent to and from Benjamin Buchsbaum, of Philadelphia, relating to his efforts to rescue relatives, friends, and strangers from Nazi-occupied Europe and bring them to the United States. Correspondence is often from those he sought to help, as well as others who recognized his efforts, and dates from the period of the Holocaust up through the 1960s. The album was presented to Buchsbaum by his family on the occasion of his 70th birthday in 1958, but he added letters to the album that he received from some of the correspondents in subsequent year...

  8. Bergen-Belsen

    Contains information about the establishment of health care facilities after liberation, the activities of Hadassah and Josef Rosensaft as leaders in the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp, and the closing of the camp in 1950.

  9. Bergen-Belsen related records

    The records relate to the liberation of Bergen-Belsen, displaced persons, the Belsen memorial, and Jewish emigration to the Palestine after the Holocaust.

  10. Bernhard Baer: A biographical account

    Biographical notes on Bernhard Baer. The notes provide details of his life, born into a German Jewish family in Berlin in 1905, and trace his experiences through the First World War and its aftermath, his escape from Nazi persecution to England in 1938 and his subsequent career as an expert in colour printing and a publisher of artists' graphic work.English Typescript 24 pagesThe account was written in note form shortly after the subject's death in 1983. It is divided into two parts: the first covering the years 1905-1948; and the second 1949-1983.

  11. Bert Yost letter

    The Bert Yost letter was sent by Bert Yost, an American soldier, to Lt. Dorothy Mosely, a nurse serving in United States military hospitals in Britain and France during World War II. The letter , dated May 10, 1945, describes the military hospital where Yost was stationed in occupied Germany. He also described the former prisoners-of-war and concentration camp inmates who had been admitted as patients to his hospital, the refugees he had seen in the area, and stories he had heard about atrocities committed in the concentration camps include a probably reference to Ilse Koch.

  12. Betty Wixon: correspondence re estate and pension

    This collection contains correspondence relating to the estate of Betty Wixon (née Davidsohn) and her German pension awarded for loss of earnings under the Hitler regime.Correspondence re estate and a copy of her death certificate and draft affidavit for Betty Wixon's restitution claim.

  13. Bird head hand puppet created by a German Jewish Holocaust survivor and World War II veteran

    1. Albert Günther Hess collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn561941
    • English
    • 1956-1957
    • a: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) b: Height: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Width: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm)

    Handmade, papier-mâché hand puppet of a bird created by Albert Guenther Hess in New York as a way to cope with his experiences as a Holocaust survivor and soldier in World War II. Albert Guenther Hess’s family owned a successful chemical factory in the town of Pirna, Germany. Albert studied law, but also had a passion for music and film. In 1933, Albert was fired from his legal position in the Ministry of Justice because he was Jewish. He then took a position as a legal advisor for his family’s business. In 1937, he began working in Belgium as a representative for his family’s company. On M...

  14. Birds-eye view of Camp de Gurs by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn79
    • English
    • overall: Height: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Width: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Width: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm)

    Ink drawing of a country landscape with the guard tower and barracks of Camp de Gurs in the distance, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, b...

  15. Black and gray checked blanket given to Kindertransport refugee

    Wool checked travel blanket given to 13 year old Mimi Alice Schleissner by her mother Berta to keep her warm when she left on the Kindertransport in May 1939. Mimi's parents Berta and Julius and her brother Edi, 18, stayed behind in Kolin, Czechoslovakia. Until October 1938, the family resided in the spa town Marienbad [now Marianske Lazne], in the Sudetenland region. It was annexed by Nazi Germany in October 1938 and most of the Jewish population fled. In November, the Marienbader Zeitung ran the headline "Marienbad is Jew-free." After arriving in Great Britain, Mimi joined Hachshara, a Zi...

  16. Black headband embroidered MS St. Louis worn by a young girl on board the ship

    1. Annette Metis Gallagher family collection

    Embroidered headband worn by 9 year old Annette Metis, while a passenger on board the MS St. Louis during the ill-fated roundtrip journey from Germany to Cuba in May-June 1939. The ship name on the headband is flanked by two flags, one with the HAPAG company logo; the other appears to be a now disguised German flag with swastika. As a German ship, the company would have displayed a German flag. Annette, her mother, Lotte, and brother Wolfgang, age 14, fled Germany because of the increasing persecution of Jews by the Nazi dictatorship. Her father, Dr. Felix Metis, had previously emigrated to...

  17. Black leather photo wallet used by a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Small wallet with three photo windows used by Fritz Vendig or a family member after leaving Nazi Germany in 1939. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all passengers. Appeals were made to the Cuban and US governments, b...

  18. Black suitcase with leather trim used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Suitcase used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika in 1937 to attend the Jewish school. During the Kristallnacht pogrom on November 9-10, 1938, they passed the burning synagogue and were told...

  19. Black velvet tefillin pouch embroidered BG rescued after Kristallnacht and recovered postwar

    1. Bernhard Groeschel collection

    Tefillin storage pouch used by Bernhard Groeschel. It is embroidered with his initials. During the Kristallnacht pogrom on November 9-10, 1938, the pouch was thrown out of the window of his home in Forchheim, Germany, near Nuremberg. A neighbor saved the bag and returned it to Bernhard’s wife, Rose, after the war. Tefillin are used by Jewish males during morning prayers. Bernhard was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp and released in December. In March 1939, Bernhard and Rose sent their 14 year old daughter, Irmgard, on a kindertransport to Basel, Switzerland. After war broke out in Se...

  20. Blanche Eichel collection

    Blanche Eichel was born Blanka Bachner to Julius (b. 13/02/1874) and Etel (née Weiss, b. 22/01/1878) on 24 April 1913 in Trstená. Her family were German speaking. She must have come to Britain in 1939, where she married Dezider Eichel, in London on 2 March 1940. They settled in Britain, becoming British citizens in 1948. Both Blanche’s parents were murdered in the Holocaust: the Nazis deported them to unknown camps in September 1942; Blanche was never able to discover their exact fate. Dezider Eichel was the son of Salamon and Irma (née Spitz). He was born on 8 June 1909 in Ružomberok. He...