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Displaying items 10,601 to 10,620 of 10,855
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  1. Public School Athletic League Winged Victory achievement badge received by a German Jewish teenage refugee

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Girl's Branch PSAL (Public School Athletic League) medal awarded to Franziska (Ruth) Danzig for physical accomplishments when she attended school in New York in the 1940s. When Ruth was 6, her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on...

  2. Concentration camp uniform cap worn by a Polish Jewish prisoner

    1. Harvey Shreibman collection

    Striped uniform cap issued to Erich Sakofski (later Harvey Shreibman) while he was imprisoned at Flossenbürg concentration camp between February and March 1945. Erich was living in Pruzana, Poland (now Pruz︠h︡any, Belarus), with his parents, Nachum and Rachel, and his older brother, Avrum, when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union in September 1939. Pruzana came under Soviet control with authorities shuttering all Jewish institutions and quickly closing or nationalizing all businesses, including Nachum’s. On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded Soviet-occupied Poland, and by Septemb...

  3. Brown enamel mug used by a Polish Jewish concentration camp prisoner

    1. Harvey Shreibman collection

    Enamel-covered mug issued to Erich Sakofski (later Harvey Shreibman) while he was imprisoned at all three Auschwitz concentration camps between January 1943 and January 1945. Erich was living in Pruzana, Poland (now Pruz︠h︡any, Belarus), with his parents, Nachum and Rachel, and his older brother, Avrum, when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union in September 1939. Pruzana came under Soviet control with authorities shuttering all Jewish institutions and quickly closing or nationalizing all businesses, including Nachum’s. On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded Soviet-occupied Poland, ...

  4. Concentration camp uniform jacket worn by a Polish Jewish prisoner

    1. Harvey Shreibman collection

    Striped uniform jacket with prisoner patch P46984 issued to Erich Sakofski (later Harvey Shreibman) while he was imprisoned at Flossenbürg concentration camp between February and March 1945. Erich was living in Pruzana, Poland (now Pruz︠h︡any, Belarus), with his parents, Nachum and Rachel, and his older brother, Avrum, when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union in September 1939. Pruzana came under Soviet control with authorities shuttering all Jewish institutions and quickly closing or nationalizing all businesses, including Nachum’s. On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded Soviet-o...

  5. Concentration camp uniform coat worn by a Polish Jewish prisoner

    1. Harvey Shreibman collection

    Striped uniform coat issued to Erich Sakofski (later Harvey Shreibman) while he was imprisoned at Flossenbürg concentration camp between February and March 1945. Erich was living in Pruzana, Poland (now Pruz︠h︡any, Belarus), with his parents, Nachum and Rachel, and his older brother, Avrum, when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union in September 1939. Pruzana came under Soviet control with authorities shuttering all Jewish institutions and quickly closing or nationalizing all businesses, including Nachum’s. On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded Soviet-occupied Poland, and by Septem...

  6. Concentration camp uniform pants worn by a Polish Jewish prisoner

    1. Harvey Shreibman collection

    Striped uniform pants issued to Erich Sakofski (later Harvey Shreibman) while he was imprisoned at Flossenbürg concentration camp between February and March 1945. Erich was living in Pruzana, Poland (now Pruz︠h︡any, Belarus), with his parents, Nachum and Rachel, and his older brother, Avrum, when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union in September 1939. Pruzana came under Soviet control with authorities shuttering all Jewish institutions and quickly closing or nationalizing all businesses, including Nachum’s. On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded Soviet-occupied Poland, and by Septe...

  7. Münzer family papers

    The Münzer family papers consist of photographs and documents relating to the Holocaust experiences of the Münzer family. The photographs include pre-war photographs of the Münzer family in the Netherlands, Alfred Münzer’s brit milah, Mary Madna performing in an operetta by Fritz Hirsch, the Fritz Hirsch Company performing an operetta, and two colorized portraits of Eva and Liane Münzer. The Red Cross documentation describes the fate of Simche Münzer and Eva Münzer. Simche Münzer died on July 25, 1945 shortly after his liberation from the Ebensee concentration camp. Eva Münzer perished at t...

  8. Two-sided drawing of men in a canteen and a portrait of a woman by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn119
    • English
    • 1940
    • a: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm) b: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Drawings of men in a canteen and a woman at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewis...

  9. Two-sided drawing of women in barracks and woman doubled over by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn104
    • English
    • 1940
    • a: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) b: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.125 inches (15.557 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.125 inches (15.557 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Two-sided drawing of women in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Li...

  10. Sterilization and population politics

    Propaganda film including healthy Germans engaging in sports, 1936 Olympics, farming, Nuremberg Laws, Roma, mentally ill, women with dogs, Hitler Youth, harvest festival, marching SS and Wehrmacht in the 1930s. Title cards read: "Rassenpolitische Amt R.L. der NSDAP feigt den Aufrlärungsfilm," "Was du ererbt" and "Entwurf und Ausfiihrung: h. Gerdes." A man throws a javelin and a text reads a quote from Dr. Grok in German. A woman lies next to a sleeping baby, a toddler walks towards the camera as someone holds his hand and a CU of a boy’s face. Children run across a field after a ball. Small...

  11. Propaganda filming of the Warsaw Ghetto: arrivals; Jewish Council; police; prison

    ***This footage is from a roughly ninety-minute propaganda film that was never finished or shown publicly. It was created by a German propaganda camera team in the spring of 1942.The Nazi regime created these ghettos and imprisoned Jews within them, subjected them to these conditions of starvation and disease and overcrowding. And yet, with a film like this, they hoped to suggest that these conditions were chosen by the Jews, that they were natural Jewish living conditions. This film is considered propaganda because it is heavily staged, omits selective information, attempts to establish gr...

  12. Herman Neudorf papers

    1. Herman Neudorf collection

    The Herman Neudorf papers contain the papers of Herman Neudorf, a former concentration camp prisoner and Holocaust survivor. Documents include papers related to his internment at Kaiserwald and Buchenwald including identification cards and personal testimony. Other documents include identification and passes collected while he was a refugee after liberation, and numerous documents pertaining to his emigration to Paris and later Colombia. Also included are various items relating to relatives including death and marriage certificates.

  13. White patch with prisoner number 82609 worn by German Jewish inmate

    1. Herman Neudorf collection

    White cloth badge with his prisoner number 82609 worn by Hermann Naidorf, who was a prisoner in Kaiserwald, Stuffhof, Buchenwald, and Bochum concentration camps from November 1943 until liberated on a death march on April 13, 1945. Hermann, 13, and his parents Frieda and Simon lived in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. In September 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, Simon, who was Polish, was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In March 1941, they received an urn with his father's ashes. In February 1942, Hermann and Frieda were deported to Riga ghetto in German occupied Latvia. In late 1943, t...

  14. Brown strap wrist watch worn postwar by a former labor camp inmate and aid worker

    1. George Birman collection

    Dark brown leather wrist watch worn by Hirsch Birman after the war as a refugee in Vienna, Austria. Hirsch and his father Abel lived in Kovno, (Kaunas) Lithuania, which was occupied by Germany on June 22, 1941. They fled, but were caught and brought back. On August 15, they were forced into a sealed ghetto. Hirsch was sent to Kedahnen concentration/labor camp in September, and Abel arrived in spring 1943. When the camp was being evacuated on July 9, 1944, due to approaching Soviet forces, they escaped through holes that Hirsch cut with pliers in the barbed wire fences. They hid in the fores...

  15. Hunting knife with leather sheath used by Lithuanian labor camp inmate

    1. George Birman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn13556
    • English
    • a: Height: 8.125 inches (20.638 cm) | Width: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) b: Height: 8.375 inches (21.273 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm)

    Survival knife with a leather sheath worn by Hirsch Birman, who called it a Boy Scout knife, following his escape from Kedhanen concentration/labor camp in July 1944. Hirsch and his father Abel lived in Kovno, (Kaunas) Lithuania, which was occupied by Germany on June 22, 1941. They fled, but were caught and brought back. On August 15, they were forced into a sealed ghetto. Hirsch was sent to Kedahnen concentration/labor camp in September, and Abel arrived in spring 1943. When the camp was being evacuated on July 9, 1944, due to approaching Soviet forces, they escaped through holes that Hirs...

  16. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 10 cent note

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Voucher, valued at 10 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939 for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor ...

  17. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 25 cent note

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Voucher, valued at 25 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939 for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor ...

  18. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 50 cent note

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Voucher, valued at 50 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939 for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor ...

  19. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 100 cent note

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Voucher, valued at 100 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939 for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor...

  20. Gray and blue beer stein with images of anti-Jewish fables and politicians

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Late 19th century ceramic beer stein with designs celebrating well known antisemitic politicians, amid scenes of caricatured Jews growing rich by abusing, cheating, and stealing from Germans and ending with scenes foretelling the expulsion of the Jews by 1910. The stein was distributed in 1893 in Cologne, Germany. The constitution of the newly unified Germany, adopted in 1871, emancipated all Jews. The following decades saw a surge in anti-semitism. It was more vicious and openly expressed, and became a popular cause for several political parties. The lid and handle are decorated with portr...