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Displaying items 10,501 to 10,520 of 10,855
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  1. Föhrenwald displaced persons camp January ration card issued to a Polish Jewish concentration camp survivor

    1. Dr. Kasriel Eilender collection

    Unused ration coupon for January issued to Kasriel Ejlender in Fohrenwald displaced persons camp in Germany, where he lived from circa 1945-1948. After Germany invaded Soviet territory in June 1941, eighteen year old Kasriel and his family had to move into the Jewish ghetto in Dereczyn, Poland. In May 1942, Kasriel was deported to a German labor camp in Mogilev. For the next three years, he was transferred to a series of concentration camps: Majdanek, Płaszów, Gross-Rosen, and Langenbielau. He was liberated in spring 1945 by Soviet forces. He worked as a translator for the Soviet Army and w...

  2. Seydlitz Kurassier Officer of the Castle Guard Garde du Corps Allach porcelain figure given to a US Army doctor by recently liberated prisoners of Dachau

    1. Joseph A. Witter collection

    Porcelain figure of a Garde du Corps (Bodyguard) produced by slave labor, and given to United States Army surgeon Joseph Witter by former prisoners of Dachau concentration camp. The Porzellan-Manufaktur Allach (PMA) was founded in 1935 in the Munich suburb of Allach. It produced decorative porcelain pieces with the goal of developing a new echelon of German artistic taste. The factory quickly became a pet-project of SS Reichsführer (Reich leader) Heinrich Himmler, who eventually took control took of 45 percent of the output and often gifted figures to various SS officials and friends. One o...

  3. Musketeer Allach porcelain figure given to a US Army doctor by recently liberated prisoners of Dachau

    1. Joseph A. Witter collection

    Porcelain figure of a Musketeer produced by slave labor, and given to United States Army surgeon Joseph Witter by former prisoners of Dachau concentration camp. The Porzellan Manufaktur Allach (PMA) was founded in 1935 in the Munich suburb of Allach. It produced decorative porcelain pieces with the goal of developing a new echelon of German artistic taste. The factory quickly became a pet-project of SS Reichsführer (Reich leader) Heinrich Himmler, who eventually took control of 45 percent of the output and often gifted figures to various SS officials and friends. One of the popular series i...

  4. Leather billfold used by a German Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany to Canada

    1. Jacob G. Wiener collection

    Billfold owned by Josef Zwienicki at the time of his emigration from Germany in 1939. Josef, his wife, and four children lived in Bremen as the Nazis rose to power. It was a predominantly non-Jewish city and there was popular support for increasingly punitive restrictions enacted against the Jewish population. On Kristallnacht in November 9-10, 1938, his wife, Selma, was shot and killed in their home by rioters. Josef appealed for help from relatives abroad. A cousin in Canada arranged for Josef and his four children, Avraham, Gerd (Jacob), Benno, and Liesel, to come to Canada as refugees. ...

  5. Leo Haas sketch of SS labor camp guard Schrader

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink sketch of SS officer Schrader drawn by Leo Haas, while a prisoner in Nisko forced labor camp. Leo Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist Party member. He was deported to Nisko in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the wretched conditions of daily life in the camp. In summer of 1944, they were accused by the Gestapo of...

  6. Leo Haas sketch of SS labor camp guard Wolters

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink sketch of SS officer Wolters drawn by Leo Haas, while a prisoner in Nisko forced labor camp. Leo Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist Party member. He was deported to Nisko in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the wretched conditions of daily life in the camp. In summer of 1944, they were accused by the Gestapo of ...

  7. Leo Haas sketch of SS labor camp guard Siemen

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink sketch of SS officer Siemen drawn by Leo Haas, while a prisoner in Nisko forced labor camp. Leo Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a member of the Communist Party. He was deported to Nisko in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the wretched conditions of daily life in the camp. In summer of 1944, they were accused by the Gesta...

  8. Leo Haas drawing of concentration camp inmates lined up for roll call

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink drawing created by Leo Haas depicting prisoner roll call at Mauthausen concentration camp where he was an inmate in spring 1945. For another version of this drawing see 2003.202.16. Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist Party member. He was deported to Nisko labor camp in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the condit...

  9. Shirt taken from an SS storeroom at a concentration camp by a Hungarian Jewish inmate and worn after liberation

    1. Steven Vogel collection

    Men’s long-sleeved shirt taken from an SS storeroom at Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, by Steven (István) Vogel and worn for two days after liberation on May 5, 1945. Steven, an only child, grew up in Budapest, Hungary, with his parents Edmond and Vilma. In September 1939, during Steven’s last year of high school, Germany began World War II by invading Poland. In November 1940, Hungary officially joined the Axis alliance and began fighting alongside Germany. Initially, the alliance had little impact on Steven’s life, and he began law school in 1941. In February 1944, his father, E...

  10. Leather belt taken from an SS storeroom at a concentration camp and worn by a Hungarian Jewish inmate after liberation

    1. Steven Vogel collection

    Leather belt taken from an SS storeroom at Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, by Steven (István) Vogel and worn for two days after liberation on May 5, 1945. Steven, an only child, grew up in Budapest, Hungary, with his parents Edmond and Vilma. In September 1939, during Steven’s last year of high school, Germany began World War II by invading Poland. In November 1940, Hungary officially joined the Axis alliance and began fighting alongside Germany. Initially, the alliance had little impact on Steven’s life, and he began law school in 1941. In February 1944, his father, Edmond, passe...

  11. Łódź ghetto scrip, 2 mark note, in 3 pieces acquired by Polish Jewish survivor

    1. Edgar Gaerber collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn521953
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) b: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm)

    Łódź (Litzmannstadt) Ghetto scrip, receipt value of 2 (zwei) marks acquired by Edgar Gaerber, possibly when his family moved to Łódź in 1945. Ed, age 10, and his parents Dr. Bernard and Fanka Gaerber fled Lvov, Poland (L'viv, Ukraine] during the invasion by Germany in September 1939. The Soviet Union invaded from the east and the invaders divided the country; L'vov was in Soviet territory. In June 1941, Germany retook the region. The German occupation was brutal. Thousands of Jews were murdered in pogroms by local Ukrainians. In late 1941, Ed and his family had to relocate to the ghetto. In...

  12. Study of a clothed male in a chair by Jewish veteran, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Pencil sketch of a young man seated in a chair created by Edward Herzbaum in life drawing classes in August/September 1949 when he was traveling in France. During the war, Edward was a soldier in the Polish Army of the East which became the 2nd Polish Corps, British Army, from 1941-1945. Edward, 19, left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939 to stay with family in Soviet controlled Lvov. In June 1940, he was arrested by Soviet security police and exiled to a forced labor camp. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Edward was released as par...

  13. Henry Zguda papers

    1. Henry Zguda collection

    The Henry Zguda papers include biographical material, correspondence, publications, subject files, and photographs relating to Henry’s experience in Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Flossenberg, and Dachau concentration camps as well as material relating to his immigration to the United States through Poland and Belgium, and attempts to establish a life in New York. This collection also includes restitution files for damages and medical claims. Biographical materials include Henry’s United Nations refugee card, Polish ID card, Polish military ID card, Committee of Physical Culture instructor card, an...

  14. Book

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection

    Book, The Casuarina Tree, read by Pastor Martin Niemoeller, and signed by him, while he was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1941-1945. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new govern...

  15. All Our Yesterdays [Book]

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection

    Book, All Our Yesterdays, read by Pastor Martin Niemoeller, and signed by him, while he was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1941-1945. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new govern...

  16. Book

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection

    Book, Lover's Leap, read by Pastor Martin Niemoeller, and signed by him, while he was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1941-1945. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new government w...

  17. Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto scrip, 2 mark note acquired by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Łódź scrip valued at 2 marks that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. The scrip was issued in the Jewish ghetto in Łódź, renamed Litzmannstadt by the Germans after occupying the city in September 1939. When the Germans transferred Jews to the ghetto, they confiscated all currency in exchange for Quittungen [receipts] that could be spent only inside the ghetto. The scrip was designed by the Judenrat [Jewish Council] and includes traditional Jewish symbols. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, La...

  18. Black textured leather trifold wallet used by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Black leather wallet with three pockets that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in the fall of 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladislav's father Juliu...

  19. Leather wallet with an embossed floral design used by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Embossed leather billfold that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in November 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria and, in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladislav's father Julius and his sisters...

  20. Hungarian 5 pengo paper note issued by the Soviet Army owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Soviet Army occupation currency, value Öt (five) pengo, that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. The note was issued by the Soviet Army during its occupation of Hungary in 1944. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen ...