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Displaying items 10,481 to 10,500 of 10,855
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  1. Wool blanket found by a Jewish Latvian concentration camp prisoner after escaping a death march

    1. Beryl and Marian Miklin collection

    One of two wool blankets found by Ber (later Beryl) Miklin, and used during and after a death march from Stutthof concentration camp in January 1945. Originally green, Ber dyed this blanket blue and used the other to make a pair of pants. Ber, his wife, parents, two sisters, and two brothers were forced into the Riga ghetto in Latvia in September 1941 by the German occupying forces. Ber’s mother and wife died, and his youngest brother fled to Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Ber and his elder brother were transported to the Riga-Kaiserwald concentration camp in August 1943, and were assigned to forced...

  2. Gold 4-leaf clover charm buried and recovered postwar by a Hungarian Jewish girl

    1. Erika Taubner Gold collection

    Gold charm with a green clover given to five-year-old Erika Taubner by her paternal grandmother, Katie Taubner, in 1937 in Budapest, Hungary. Her parents Jozsa and Zoltan later buried the charm, her ring 2003.158.1, and other valuables in May 1944 in the dirt basement of their apartment, beneath the storage locker of the non-Jewish building superintendent, so they would not fall into German hands. The items were recovered by Erika and her parents in 1945. Nazi Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944. In May, Zoltan was interned in a Shell Oil forced labor camp near Budapest. Erika and Jozsa ...

  3. Gold ring with engraved flowers buried and recovered postwar by a Hungarian Jewish girl

    1. Erika Taubner Gold collection

    Engraved gold ring given to five-year-old Erika Taubner by her paternal grandmother, Katie Taubner, in 1937 in Budapest, Hungary. Her parents Jozsa and Zoltan later buried the ring, her charm 2003.158.2, and other valuables in May 1944 in the dirt basement of their apartment, beneath the storage locker of the non-Jewish building superintendent, so they would not fall into German hands. The items were recovered by Erika and her parents in 1945. Nazi Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944. In May, Zoltan was interned in a Shell Oil forced labor camp near Budapest. Erika and Jozsa had to move ...

  4. Living Space Leo Haas aquatint of new arrivals at the ghetto gate

    1. Leo Haas collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn513927
    • English
    • 1942
    • overall: Height: 14.625 inches (37.148 cm) | Width: 19.750 inches (50.165 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.625 inches (21.908 cm) | Width: 11.250 inches (28.575 cm)

    Aquatint created by Leo Haas in 1966 based upon sketches made in 1942 based on scenes he witnessed while an inmate of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. It depicts a newly arrived transport of prisoners waiting at the ghetto gate. Haas was an inmate of Terezin from September 1942-October 1944. Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist. He was deported to Nisko labor camp in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, w...

  5. Leo Haas aquatint of prisoners constructing railroad lines

    1. Leo Haas collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn513922
    • English
    • 1966
    • overall: Height: 14.625 inches (37.148 cm) | Width: 19.750 inches (50.165 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.625 inches (21.908 cm) | Width: 11.375 inches (28.893 cm)

    Aquatint created by Leo Haas in 1966 based upon sketches made in 1945 shortly after the end of the war. After Haas arrived in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, he was assigned to a crew that carted supplies for building the railway. Haas was an inmate of Terezin from September 1942-October 1944. Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist. He was deported to Nisko labor camp in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp...

  6. Lyon hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp with Lyon made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly, beca...

  7. Stamp with Juif, French for Jew, made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp with Juif for Jew made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nel...

  8. Lyon town hall stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. It is a town hall stamp for Lyon. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sist...

  9. Dental company stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. The stamp mark is for a dental instruments company in Beauvais, probably for forging work papers. Making rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six sib...

  10. VT hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly, became involve...

  11. C.I.-6-43 hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly, became involve...

  12. Charbon hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp with Charbon 1942-1943 made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. The stamp likely was used to forge coal ration cards. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, L...

  13. Villeneuve-sur-Lot town hall stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. It is a town hall stamp for Villeneuve-sur-Lot in the Lot-et-Garonne department. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, R...

  14. Bois 1942 hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp with Bois 1942 made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly,...

  15. Police commissioner stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit police commissioner hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife N...

  16. Murianette town hall stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents for the French resistance. It is a town hall stamp for Murianette near Grenoble in southern France. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert...

  17. Honor Cross of the World War 1914/1918 ribbon awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Marion Freyer Wolff collection

    WWI service ribbon, known as the Hindenburg Cross, awarded to Leo Freyer, a German Jewish veteran of the Austro-Hungarian Army, World War I. The medal was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934 to honor German participants of the Great War. Individuals had to apply to the government to receive the medal. It was the only medal issued by the Third Reich to honor veterans of that war. As the Nazi dictatorship increased its persecution of Jews after coming to power in 1933, Leo decided to leave the country with his wife, Eva, and their 2 daughters, Ulla, then 12, and Marion, 8. He...

  18. Honor Cross of the World War 1914/1918 non-combatant veteran service medal awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Marion Freyer Wolff collection

    WWI service medal, known as the Hindenburg Cross, awarded to Leo Freyer, a German Jewish veteran of the Austro-Hungarian Army, World War I. The medal was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934 to honor German participants of the Great War. Individuals had to apply to the government to receive the medal. This versions of the medal, without crossed swords, was awarded to noncombatants. It was the only medal issued by the Third Reich to honor veterans of that war. As the Nazi dictatorship increased its persecution of Jews after coming to power in 1933, Leo decided to leave the co...

  19. Yellow cloth strip sewn to a slave laborer's uniform to identify her as a Jew

    1. Gisela E. Zamora collection

    Yellow strip of cloth from the uniform worn by 16 year old Gisela Zamora when she was a slave laborer at Maerzdorf concentration camp from October 1944 to May 1945. The strip was sewn to the back of her uniform to identify her as a Jew. It may have had a red triangle painted on it. Gisela, her parents, Berthold and Bertha, and her brother Norbert, age 12, were deported from Battenberg, Germany, to Ghetto Theresienstadt in September 1942. The family was transported in August 1944 to Auschwitz concentration camp where Gisela was separated from them and sent to Birkenau. In October, she was sh...

  20. Iron Cross, 2nd class, 2 ribbons, and box awarded to a German Jewish soldier for bravery in WWI

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523076
    • English
    • 1914-1918
    • a: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) c: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) d: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.302 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm)

    Iron Cross 2nd Class medal awarded to Moritz Henschel for his bravery on August 14, 1915, on the Italian front in World War I (1914-1918.) Moritz was an influential lawyer in Berlin when Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. As government persecution of Jews intensified, Moritz and Hildegard sent their daughters Marianne, 15, to Palestine and Lilly, 13, to England in 1939. Moritz was on the board of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, created by the Nazi government in February 1939 to organize Jewish affairs. The Association was eventually forced to assist with deportations...