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Displaying items 981 to 1,000 of 7,808
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  1. Leather creaser with a pointed triangular head used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Arrow shaped leather creasing tool used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released. Due to...

  2. Stitching awl with a 1.25 inch needle used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Wooden handled stitching awl with a 1.25 inch needle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they wer...

  3. Straight needle awl with an .875 inch needle used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Straight awl needle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released. Due to a bombing raid...

  4. Stitching awl with a 1 inch curved needle used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Wooden handled curved 1 inch stitching awl used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released...

  5. Leather creaser with a curved needle point head used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Wooden handled leather creasing tool with an S-curved, needle tipped head used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union i...

  6. Leather creaser with an grooved head engraved 6 used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Leather creasing tool with 6 engraved on the angled head used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they...

  7. 12/14 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    12/14 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. This burnishing tool is heated and heavily pressed along the edge of the shoe sole to strengthen the edge and seal it from water. There are several edge irons of different sizes and forms in his tool kit which Simon, a master shoemaker, kept with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they rea...

  8. 7/8 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    7/8 edge iron shoemaking tool with a half inch top wedge used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. This burnishing tool is heated and heavily pressed along the edge of the shoe sole to strengthen the edge and seal it from water. There are several edge irons of different sizes and forms in his tool kit which Simon, a master shoemaker, kept with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. S...

  9. Wooden awl haft with chuck and ferrule used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Stitching awl wooden handle with fasteners to hold the needle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941,...

  10. Straight razor with an offwhite plastic handle used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Straight razor with a plastic handle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. In January 1940, after the Germans detained the family within a barbed wire enclosure for deportation from Kalisz, Poland, Simon realized he had forgotten his razor and whetstone. His 9 year son David snuck through the fence, into their boarded up house, and then back into the prison with the retrieved items. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, S...

  11. 9/10 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    9/10 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. This burnishing tool is heated and heavily pressed along the edge of the shoe sole to strengthen the edge and seal it from water. There are several edge irons of different sizes and forms in his tool kit which Simon, a master shoemaker, kept with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reac...

  12. 5/6 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    5/6 double edge iron shoemaking tool used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. This burnishing tool is heated and heavily pressed along the edge of the shoe sole to strengthen the edge and seal it from water. There are several edge irons of different sizes and forms in his tool kit which Simon, a master shoemaker, kept with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reach...

  13. View from a bridge over the Ruhrorter Dock Sketch of a dock with a tugboat and barges drawn by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of a harbor in Duisburg, Germany, created by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had s...

  14. Jewish Refugee Alliance in Switzerland / Union of Jewish Refugees in Switzerland Jüdischer Flüchtlingsverband in der Schweiz / Union Jüdischer Flüchtlinge in der Schweiz

    The collection pertains to the activities of the Jewish Refugee Alliance in Switzerland / Union of Jewish Refugees in Switzerland during the immediate postwar period, 1945-1948.

  15. Blue laced tan leather billfold with an oval image of a man pullling 2 women in a rickshaw acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Decorated leather bifold walllet acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This wllet has the same painted image as 2010.7, except it is set within an oval. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf...

  16. Red laced brown leather billfold with an image of a man pulling 2 women in a rickshaw acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Decorated leather bifold wallet acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was able to stay in school because they waived his tuition. The city was liberated...

  17. Japanese propaganda matchbox with Japanese planes flying over a sinking ship with a US flag acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Japanese matchbox acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This box features an image of planes flying over a sinking ship with a United States flag. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was a...

  18. Albert Dov Sigal multicolored lithograph of a young woman, holding an infant, with her family on a golden road, based upon his experience as a refugee

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn3280
    • English
    • 1948
    • overall: Height: 16.000 inches (40.64 cm) | Width: 12.000 inches (30.48 cm) pictorial area: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 9.000 inches (22.86 cm)

    Artist's proof print for a lithograph based on a drawing created by Albert Dov Sigal based upon the experiences of his family as newly arrived emigrants to Palestine on February 22, 1948. It depicts the artist and his family as they arrive in their new home. It is an image of a man carrying bags being followed by two woman: one holds an infant, the other carries a sack, as they walk along a seaside road with a small village in the background. See 1990.242.4 and 1992.113.14 for other versions of this scene. Palestine was ruled by the British under a United Nations mandate and the postwar imm...

  19. Albert Dov Sigal monochrome sepia etching of a young woman, holding an infant, with her family near the seaside based upon his experience as a refugee

    1. Albert Dov Sigal collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn3282
    • English
    • 1948
    • overall: Height: 15.000 inches (38.1 cm) | Width: 12.000 inches (30.48 cm) pictorial area: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm)

    Artist's proof for an etching based on a drawing created by Albert Dov Sigal based upon the experiences of his family as newly arrived emigrants to Palestine on February 22, 1948. It depicts the artist and his family as they arrive in their new home. It is an image of a man carrying bags being followed by two woman: one holds an infant, the other carries a sack, as they walk along a seaside road with a small village in the background. See 1990.242.2 and 1992.113.14 for other versions of this scene. Palestine was ruled by the British under a United Nations mandate and the postwar immigration...

  20. I Search for my Happiness in the Forest and on the Moor! Child's drawing of a faraway house by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Colored pencil drawing of an imaginary landscape done by Fritz Vendig, 12, when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Ernst's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, they prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, the family, along with Ernst's mother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all passengers. Appeals were made to the...