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Displaying items 9,821 to 9,840 of 10,320
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  1. Drawing of the stairway near her hiding place by Jewish teenager

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Pencil drawing of steps near a wooden wagon drawn by Ava Hegedish at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) The wooden shack where she lived was nearby. In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and th...

  2. Drawing of her mother's shoes by a Jewish teenager in hiding

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Pencil drawing of a worn pair of her mother's shoes drawn by Ava Hegedish at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then 15. Sh...

  3. Drawing of a large leafy tree near her hiding place by a Jewish teenager

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Ink drawing of large tree drawn by Ava Hegedish at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then 15. She did farm labor and lived...

  4. Drawing of her hiding place by a Jewish teenager

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Pencil drawing of a wooden shed by Ava Hegedish where she lived in hiding on a farm from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then 15. She did farm labor and lived i...

  5. Sketches of a foot and 2 hands done in hiding by Jewish teenager

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Pencil drawings of a foot and two hands done by Ava Hegedish, at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then 15. She did farm l...

  6. Monaural wooden stethoscope used by a Jewish German refugee and US Army medic

    1. Bruno Lambert collection

    Wooden Pinard fetal stethoscope (or fetoscope) used by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. The Pinard stethoscope was designed in 1895, and is an efficient, low-cost way to hear babies’ heartbeats while in utero. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but he was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno ...

  7. Electrotherapy machine used by a Jewish German US Army medic

    1. Bruno Lambert collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn135414
    • English
    • 1932-1945
    • a: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 16.750 inches (42.545 cm) | Depth: 13.750 inches (34.925 cm) b: Height: 50.125 inches (127.318 cm) | Diameter: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) c: Height: 49.875 inches (126.683 cm) | Diameter: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Electrotherapy machine brought from Nazi Germany by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. Electrotherapy involves using low-level electric currents to treat issues relating to the nervous or musculoskeletal systems. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but he was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno immigrated to the...

  8. Pelvic calipers used by a Jewish German US Army medic

    1. Bruno Lambert collection

    Calipers brought from Nazi Germany by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. Medical calipers were used to measure the thickness or breadth of a part of the body. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but he was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno immigrated to the US in August. Margaret was a Jewish athlete who was b...

  9. Electric retinoscope used by a Jewish German US Army medic

    1. Bruno Lambert collection

    Retinoscope used by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. Retinoscopes light the internal eye, allowing a doctor to measure how the retina reflects light. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but he was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno immigrated to the US in August. Margaret was a Jewish athlet...

  10. Theresienstadt armband worn by a Jewish inmate

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Theresienstadt armband worn by Marie Goerlich who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 18, 1943, to May 9, 1945. The armband is stamped with a medical symbol and text for the local government of Theresienstadt ghetto. Marie later gave the armband to her great niece, Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin to England on a Kindertransport in July 1939. Marie was Jewish but married a Christian man and celebrated Christian holidays. After the Nuremberg Laws were passed in Germany in 1935, Marie was defined as Jewish because she had fo...

  11. Unused Star of David badge owned by a German Jewish woman

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Uncut Star of David badge printed with Jude for Jew, likely owned by Marie Goerlich, who was deported from Caputh,Germany, to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp on March 18, 1943. On September 9, 1941, German Jews were required to wear these badges to humiliate and separate them from the general public. Marie later gave the badge to her great niece, Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin to England on a Kindertransport in July 1939. Marie was Jewish but married a Christian man and celebrated Christian holidays. After the Nuremberg Laws were passed in Germany in 1935, Marie was defined as J...

  12. Luftwaffe paratrooper badge with a yellow eagle acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Luftwaffe (German Air Force) paratrooper badge, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. This type of patch was issued to German paratroopers who had successfully completed six jumps. Gans took the badge from a prisoner who claimed to have been the driver for Erwin Rommel during his command of the German forces in North Africa from 1941-1943. He sent the badge in a letter dated 27 October 1944 to his friend, Anita Lamm, who had immigrated to the United States. For Anita, the badge symbolized hope for vi...

  13. Belgium, 10 francs or 2 belga note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Bank note, valued at 10 francs, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German-Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. Manfred’s troop served in Belgium during the fall of 1944 and he placed this note into his Soldier’s Book. The note was a special issue distributed by the National Bank of Belgium after allied forces liberated the country from German occupation in 1944. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 1 (eine) krone, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegfried ...

  15. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 5 [funf] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegfried...

  16. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 20 [zwanzig] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegf...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 50 [funfzig] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegf...

  18. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 500 [eine hundert] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother...

  19. Watercolor of a POW camp owned by German Jewish US soldier

    1. Rudolph Daniel Sichel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn542959
    • English
    • 1945
    • overall: Height: 12.125 inches (30.798 cm) | Width: 14.875 inches (37.783 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.500 inches (16.51 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm)

    Watercolor owned by Rudolph Sichel, a Jewish refugee from Frankfurt, Germany, who served in the US Army from 1943 to June 1946. In May 1936, unable to return to Germany from England because of anti-Jewish regulations, Sichel went to the US. His parents Ernst and Frieda joined him in 1940. In April 1943, Sichel enlisted in the Army and was sent to Camp Ritchie for military intelligence training. In July 1944, Sichel, Chief Interrogator, Interrogation of Prisoners of War Team 13, landed on Utah Beach in France, attached to the 104th Infantry, the Timberwolf Division. As the unit advanced thro...

  20. Star of David yellow cloth badge printed with Jude, worn by an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Lucie Steinhagen collection

    Yellow factory-printed Star of David badge worn by Lucie Fried (later Steinhagen) while living in Vienna, Austria. After the German annexation of Austria in 1938, anti-Jewish legislation was quickly introduced and Jewish-owned businesses and property were confiscated. Lucie had to leave her public school, her mother lost the family retail store, and her brother was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp for three weeks before immigrating to the United States. A quota on Polish immigrants prevented Lucie's Polish born mother, Fanny, from obtaining a visa for the United States. Lucie stayed ...