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Displaying items 901 to 920 of 7,748
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  1. Dettelbach, Lower Franconia, Stairs to the church Drawing of a church and bell tower by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517911
    • English
    • 1933
    • overall: Height: 13.625 inches (34.608 cm) | Width: 11.375 inches (28.893 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.625 inches (21.908 cm) | Width: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm)

    Drawing of a church in Dettelbach by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired from her job due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong p...

  2. Green wool US Army blanket owned by a Jewish refugee who survived by assuming a Catholic identity

    1. Olga Waldman Wisen and Mark Wisen collection

    US Army green wool blanket owned by Mark Wisen, who as a young Jewish boy survived the Holocaust from 1941-1944 by pretending to be Catholic. Mark, 11, and his mother Olga were visiting her parents in Srerszeniowce, Poland, when it was occupied by Soviet forces in September 1939. In March 1941, Germany broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and invaded the town, deporting many Jewish inhabitants to the Tluste ghetto (Tovste, Ukraine). Olga procured false identities and she and Mark escaped from the ghetto to Podhajce where they met Olga's brother, Israel. Afraid that they had been recognized, they went...

  3. Green striped wool knit cardigan made from a US Army blanket by a Jewish refugee in a DP camp

    1. Olga Waldman Wisen and Mark Wisen collection

    Green wool cardigan made by Olga Waldman while she was living in the Neu Friemann displaced persons camp near Munich, Germany, from 1945-1949. She knitted the sweater from the wool yarn of an unraveled US Army blanket. Olga and her eleven year old son, Mark, were visiting her parents in Srerszeniowce, Poland, when it was occupied by Soviet forces in September 1939. In March 1941, Germany broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and invaded the town, deporting many Jewish inhabitants to the Tluste ghetto (Tovste, Ukraine). Olga procured false identities and she and her son escaped from the ghetto to Podha...

  4. Bar Kochba Jewish Sports Club (BKB) stickpin with blue enamel decoration owned by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Pin from the Bar Kochba Jewish sports club (BKB) , in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, received by Tom T. Kovary, prior to emigration. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in Bratislava. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where they obtained visa...

  5. Bar Kochba Jewish Sports Club stickpin (BKB) with blue enamel decoration owned by a Czech Jewish refugee to the US

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Stickpin from the Bar Kochba Jewish sports club in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, received by Tom (Tibor) Kovary, prior to his emigration to the United States. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in Bratislava. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungar...

  6. US Army American Campaign Medal and ribbon bar with presentation box awarded to a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn39891
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) c: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm)

    Bronze medal with ribbon, ribbon bar, and presentation box issued to Tom (Tibor) Kovary for service in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, 19 year old Tibor Kovari and his 20 year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into...

  7. Bar Kochba Jewish Sports Club metal plaque with a Star of David owned by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Commemorative plaque from the Bar Kochba Jewish sports club awarded to Tom T. Kovary in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, on January 9, 1938. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in Bratislava. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where they obtaine...

  8. US Army Good Conduct Medal, 3 ribbon bars, and 3 ribbons awarded to a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn39915
    • English
    • 1943-1946
    • a: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) c: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) d: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) e: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) f: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) g: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

    Good Conduct Medal, three red and white ribbon bars, and 3 replacement ribbons issued to Tom (Tibor) Kovary for service in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, 19 year old Tibor Kovari and his 20 year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They il...

  9. World Congress of Esperanto stickpin with an image of soldier upon a green star owned by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Commemorative pin from the World Congress of Esperanto in Vienna, Austria, in 1924, owned by Tom (Tibor) Kovary. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where the...

  10. Brown leather wallet with laced edges used by a Czech Jewish refugee during his service in the US Army

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Wallet and passport cover used by Tom T. Kovary while a soldier in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in Bratislava. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where they obtained visas for the US, arriving i...

  11. Gillette razor blade, cover and wrapper featuring King C. Gillette brought to Shanghai by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50354
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) b: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) c: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm)

    Razor blade, cover and wrapper brought by Viktor Stummer to Shanghai, China, when he fled there from Vienna, Austria, circa December 1938, following his release from Dachau concentration camp. He was imprisoned during Kristallnacht that November 9-10 and released after his sister secured him a ticket to Shanghai. He lived in the Hongkew ghetto and worked as a welder. Shanghai was liberated by the US Army on September 3, 1945. In 1949, Viktor emigrated to Canada and the next year he moved to the US where he married a fellow Shanghai refugee, Gerda Harpuder. They met in Hongkew in 1941 when G...

  12. Japanese propaganda resembling a Farmers Bank of China 10 cent note, acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Safe conduct pass resembling Chinese currency acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. The Japanese occupation authority created these passes to closely resemble actual currency. This version uses currency issued in 1937 by the Farmers Bank of China. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were re...

  13. Japanese propaganda matchbox cover with a bayonet with a Japanese flag dominating the world acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Japanese matchbox cover acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This cover features an image of red sunbeams and a bayonet with the Japanese Rising Sun flag surrounding the earth. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely diff...

  14. Japanese propaganda matchbox with a Japanese plane bombing the US and British flags acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Japanese matchbox acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This box features an image of a Japanese plane dropping a bomb on the United States and British flags. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, bu...

  15. Japanese propaganda matchbox with a bomb exploding in the center of the US acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Japanese matchbox acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This box features an image of a bomb crashing through the center of the flag draped United States. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ra...

  16. Japanese propaganda matchbox with a Japanese sword piercing the US flag acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Japanese propaganda matchbox acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This box features an image of a samurai sword cutting through the United States flag. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf...

  17. Denk fix! [Think Quick] game turntable spinner, cards, and box brought with a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Anneliese Centawer Marx family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn90817
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm) | Depth: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm) b: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Depth: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm) c: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Diameter: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) d: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Diameter: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) e: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 8.125 inches (20.638 cm) f-ba: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm)

    Denk Fix! [Think Quick!] card and question/answer game with spinner brought with 8 year old Anneliese Centawer when she and her parents James and Recha fled Nazi Germany in July 1938. After Hitler and the Nazi regime's seizure of power in 1933, the Jewish population was subjected to increasingly harsh persecution. In 1936, Anneliese's family was forced to move from their home in Nuremberg when their block was declared Judenfrei (Free of Jews.) Anneliese was beaten up on the street by a Hitler Youth who accused the freckled, red haired girl of trying to pass for German. In July 1938, with sp...

  18. Boxed Tisch-Tennis set with net, paddles, and 6 balls brought with a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Anneliese Centawer Marx family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn90823
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Depth: 6.125 inches (15.558 cm) b: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Depth: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) c: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) d: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) e: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 38.000 inches (96.52 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) f-k: | Diameter: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) l: Height: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Width: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm)

    Boxed Tisch-Tennis (Table Tennis) or ping pong set with net, 2 paddles, 6 balls, and instruction sheet brought with 8 year old Anneliese Centawer when she and her parents James and Recha fled Nazi Germany in July 1938. After Hitler and the Nazi regime's seizure of power in 1933, the Jewish population was subjected to increasingly harsh persecution. In 1936, Anneliese's family was forced to move from their home in Nuremberg when their block was declared Judenfrei (Free of Jews.) Anneliese was beaten up on the street by a Hitler Youth who accused the freckled, red haired girl of trying to pas...

  19. Color drawing of a bust of a general created by a Jewish refugee boy in a children's home

    1. Alfred Ament collection

    Drawing created by Hans Ament, a young Jewish refugee, in an OSE-affiliated children's home in Izieu, France, from which he was later deported.

  20. The Committee of Refugees Print and explanatory page depicting the refugee committee from the Hollandia Regenerata series

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn543901
    • English
    • 1796
    • a: Height: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm) | Width: 9.875 inches (25.083 cm) b: Height: 12.750 inches (32.385 cm) | Width: 9.875 inches (25.083 cm)

    This etching of the Committee for Refugees is the twelfth in the twenty plate series, Hollandia Regenerata. The series was originally illustrated by Swiss soldier and caricaturist, David Hess, as a satirical commentary on the newly created, French-supported Batavian Republic. The images were refined and etched by James Gillray, and published in 1796, likely by Hannah Humphrey of London, England. In December 1792, the French Republic decreed that it would declare the sovereignty of the people in nations it helped liberate. The Batavian Republic (now the Netherlands) was one such country, for...