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Displaying items 9,001 to 9,020 of 10,476
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  1. Pencil drawing of a street and gatehouse by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Sketch depicting a street and buildings in Prichsenstadt, Germany, by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nell...

  2. Ink sketch of a single tree on a coastline created by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of a tree on a shoreline with a house in the distance created by Nelly Rossmann in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1934. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her paren...

  3. View over the Fairgrounds Drawing of people gathered at a fairgrounds drawn by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of crowds of people gathered in front of several buildings created by Nelly Rossmann in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1934. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her ...

  4. Ink sketch of a sailboat with tied sail created by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing of a sailboat in a harbor in Heraklion, Crete, created by Nelly Rossmann in 1934. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly...

  5. Drawing of a manor house with a grass plot by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Black ink drawing of a mansion created by Nelly Rossmann in 1933. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had strong pro-German...

  6. Ink sketch of a canal lock by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Ink drawing a canal lock and house created by Nelly Rossmann circa 1935. There is a sketch of a seated figure on the reverse. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in February, Germany became a police state and Jews were targeted for persecution. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish and, in 1935, she was fired from her job due to a government decree that Jews could not work in the publishing industry. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in N...

  7. Newspaper paste-up for a Renaissance art exhibition by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Paste-up for a newspaper advertisement for the Golden Augsburg Renaissance exhibition in Augsburg, Germany, created by Nelly Rossmann in Frankfurt in 1930. A paste-up or mechanical was a camera ready copy of a design prepared for photographing to make a printing plate. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews co...

  8. Newspaper paste-up for a dry cleaner's using a woman's face created by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Paste-up for a newspaper advertisement for David Bonn, Dry Cleaners, featuring a woman's face, created by Nelly Rossmann in Frankfurt, Germany. A paste-up or mechanical was a camera ready copy of a design prepared for photographing to make a printing plate. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work...

  9. Advertisement paste-up for a dry cleaner's created by a German Jewish female designer

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Paste-up for a newspaper advertisement for David Bonn, Dry Cleaners, featuring a dress, created by Nelly Rossmann in Frankfurt, Germany. A paste-up or mechanical was a camera ready copy of a design prepared for photographing to make a printing plate. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in pub...

  10. Drawing of a farmhouse and fields by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Nelly Rossmann family collection

    Pencil drawing of houses in a country landscape drawn by Nelly Rossmann. Nelly was a graphic designer for the Frankfurter Zeitung, a progressive newspaper in Frankfurt, Germany, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Antisemitic legislation soon took away the rights of Jews. Nelly was a Quaker, but she had been born Jewish, and in 1935, she was fired due to a decree that Jews could not work in publishing. Nelly taught children crafts to support her 5 year old son, Michael. After the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, her parents left for England, but Nelly still had s...

  11. Plate with colorful, oval-shaped cartoon figures carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ina Felczer collection

    Decorated children’s plate manufactured by Beyer and Bock and carried by 10-year-old Ina Felczer on a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] to Leeds, England, in late June 1939. Before the war, Ina lived with her parents, Victor and Hannah, in Berlin, Germany. Both were Polish Jews who had lived in Berlin since the 1920s. Victor was a chemist, and Hannah co-owned a dressmaking shop. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, and authorities throughout Germany quickly began suppressing the rights of Jews and boycotting their businesses. In the late 1930’s, Victor...

  12. Drafting kit with 18 drawing implements used by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ina Felczer collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn34276
    • English
    • 1939-1945
    • a: Height: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) b: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Width: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) c: Height: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) | Width: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) d: Height: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Width: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) e: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 4.625 inches (11.748 cm) f: Height: 2.877 inches (7.308 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) g: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) h: Height: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Width: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) i: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) j: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) k: Height: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) l: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) m: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 1.880 inches (4.775 cm) | Depth: 0.120 inches (0.305 cm) n: Height: 1.620 inches (4.115 cm) | Width: 0.380 inches (0.965 cm) o: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) p: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) q: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) r: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) s: Height: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Width: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm)

    Drafting box and supplies carried by 10-year-old Ina Felczer on a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] to Leeds, England, in late June 1939. Before the war, Ina lived with her parents, Victor and Hannah, in Berlin, Germany. Both were Polish Jews who had lived in Berlin since the 1920s. Victor was a chemist, and Hannah co-owned a dressmaking shop. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, and authorities throughout Germany quickly began suppressing the rights of Jews and boycotting their businesses. In the late 1930’s, Victor lost his job, and Hannah’s shop was...

  13. Light brown leather billfold used by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Light brown leather wallet owned by Lew Minuskin. Lew lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), which was occupied by the Soviet Union in September 1939. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and occupied Zhetel. Frmo 1941-1942, Lalb was assigned to a forced labor battalion that assisted the Soviet Army. From 1942-1945, he had sent to From 1942-1945, he was sent to live in Kokand Fergana in eastern Uzbekistan, a border region of the Soviet Union, where he worked as a mechanic. When the war ended on May 9, 1945, Lajb traveled to Munich, Germany, where he lived in ...

  14. Black leather infant's ankle boots worn by a German Jewish child

    1. Bruno and Jessie Korn collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn85405
    • English
    • 1939
    • a: Height: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm) | Width: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Depth: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) b: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Depth: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm)

    Black leather baby shoes worn by Bruno Korn as a child in Hindenburg, Germany. His mother saved the shoes and gave them to Bruno, who took them with him when he left Germany in 1939. When Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933, 22 year old Bruno, a cloth cutter, was living in Breslau with his parents, Simon and Jetka, and brother Rudolf. In April, Bruno was arrested and accused of making faces at Nazi officials. He was beaten, whipped, and forced to work construction on a future concentration camp for a week. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Bruno was arrested and sent to...

  15. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden note kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by G...

  16. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  17. Dark red floral head covering worn by a Jewish woman living under an assumed identity

    1. Dina Ostrower collection

    Dark red traditional Ukrainian scarf with a floral pattern worn by 19 year old Donia Pickholz while living in hiding under an assumed identity in Bolechow, Poland (Bolekhiv, Ukraine.) Donia and her family lived in Soviet occupied Stryj, Poland. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the Germans forced the Jews into a ghetto. In 1942, the family was put on a rail car destined for Belzec killing center. Donia jumped out the train window and returned to Stryj to live with her aunt and uncle. They got her false identity papers as a Christian Ukrainian girl, Efrozyna Skobelek. D...

  18. Embroidered Ukrainian blouse worn by a Jewish woman living under an assumed identity

    1. Dina Ostrower collection

    Traditional cross-stitched Ukrainian peasant blouse worn by 19 year old Donia Pickholz while living in hiding under an assumed identity in Bolechow, Poland (Bolekhiv, Ukraine.) Donia and her family lived in Soviet occupied Stryj, Poland. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the Germans forced the Jews into a ghetto. In 1942, the family was put on a rail car destined for Belzec killing center. Donia jumped out the train window and returned to Stryj to live with her aunt and uncle. They got her false identity papers as a Christian Ukrainian girl, Efrozyna Skobelek. Donia sp...

  19. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  20. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...