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Displaying items 861 to 880 of 7,808
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  1. Pair of tan and white wool knit knee high socks brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515752
    • English
    • a: Height: 19.000 inches (48.26 cm) | Width: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) b: Height: 19.500 inches (49.53 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm)

    Pair of tan and white wool knit socks brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended ...

  2. Pair of black cotton socks with a black name tag brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515750
    • English
    • a: Height: 13.000 inches (33.02 cm) | Width: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) b: Height: 13.250 inches (33.655 cm) | Width: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)

    Pair of black cotton socks brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945...

  3. Pair of black cotton midcalf socks with a white name tag brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515748
    • English
    • a: Height: 13.750 inches (34.925 cm) | Width: 10.625 inches (26.988 cm) b: Height: 13.750 inches (34.925 cm) | Width: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm)

    Pair of black cotton socks brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945...

  4. Pair of black cotton midcalf socks with a black name tag brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515747
    • English
    • a: Height: 13.000 inches (33.02 cm) | Width: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) b: Height: 12.500 inches (31.75 cm) | Width: 9.875 inches (25.083 cm)

    Pair of black cotton socks brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945...

  5. Pair of black and white tweed patterned wool knit mittens brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515697
    • English
    • a: Height: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm) | Width: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) b: Height: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm)

    Pair of wool knit mittens brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945,...

  6. Black and white tweed patterned wool knit hat brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection

    Tweed wool ribbed knit hat brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945...

  7. Pair of black cotton socks with a gray sole brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515751
    • English
    • a: Height: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm) | Width: 9.875 inches (25.083 cm) b: Height: 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Pair of black cotton socks brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945...

  8. Yellow cloth Star of David badge printed with Jood, Dutch for Jew, worn by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Trudy Katzer collection

    Star of David badge used by Truusje Schoenfeld’s family in Amsterdam, Netherlands, during the German occupation. From April 29, 1942, Jews were required to wear a Judenstern on their outer clothing at all times to mark them as Jews. In May 1940, Amsterdam was occupied by Nazi Germany. In 1943, four year old Truusje and her parents, Walther and Margaretha, were ordered to report for deportation to a concentration camp. A neighbor, Mimi Grimberg da Silva Rosa, a German Protestant, who had hidden Truusje before, found them in the yard where they were being held and told the guard she had left ...

  9. World Scout badge with a fleur-de-lis and star worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    World Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were no...

  10. World Scout badge with a fleur-de-lis and star worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    World Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were no...

  11. Small black painted scissors from the family capmaking business brought to the US by a Jewish refugee

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Small fabric scissors brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Vienna, Austria, for the United States in September 1938. The scissors were used in the family capmaking business operated out of their home. David had helped his parents, Salomon and Frieda, with the work as soon as he was old enough. When he married, his wife Regina also worked making caps. At one point, they made wool caps for the military. But by the 1930s, it was a piecework business, and did not bring in enough income to support the fam...

  12. Large black painted fabric shears from the family capmaking business brought to the US by a Jewish refugee

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Large fabric scissors with a 5 inch blade brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Vienna, Austria, for the United States in September 1938. The scissors were used in the family capmaking business operated out of their home. David had helped his parents, Salomon and Frieda, with the work as soon as he was old enough. When he married, his wife Regina also worked making caps. At one point, they made wool caps for the military. But by the 1930s it was a piecework business, and did not bring in enough income...

  13. Very large Henckels fabric shears from the family capmaking business brought to the US by a Jewish refugee

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Very large Henckels brand fabric scissors with a 7 inch blade brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Vienna, Austria, for the United States in September 1938. The scissors were used in the family capmaking business operated out of their home. David had helped his parents, Salomon and Frieda, with the work as soon as he was old enough. When he married, his wife Regina also worked making caps. At one point, they made wool caps for the military. But by the 1930s it was a piecework business, and did not br...

  14. Small brass sign from the family capmaking business brought to the US by a Jewish refugee from Vienna

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Brass sign plate from his family’s capmaking business brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Vienna, Austria, for the United States in September 1938. Salomon and his wife Frieda, operated a capmaking business in their home. When David was old enough, he helped with the work, as did his wife Regina. At one point, they made wool caps for the military. But it was a piecework buisness, and, by the 1930s, capmaking did not bring in enough income to support the family. Germany annexed Austria on March 12, 1...

  15. Brown shoe wax used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Brown shoe wax used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. He used the wax to coat threads and seal edges to prevent moisture leaks. During the war, when the family was starving in Russia, Simon's wife used some as a replacement for cooking fat. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory,...

  16. Dark red shoe wax used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Dark red shoe wax used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. He used the wax to coat threads and seal edges to prevent moisture leaks. During the war, when the family was starving in Russia, Simon's wife used some as a replacement for cooking fat. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territo...

  17. Embossing tool with 3 wheel attachments used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn522352
    • English
    • 1925-1951
    • a: Height: 6.500 inches (16.51 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) b: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) c: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) d: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm)

    Embossing tool with a 2 piece wooden handle with a removable hollow base and three fluted wheel carriage attachments used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was bo...

  18. Straight half inch stitching awl used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Wooden handled straight .5 inch needle stitching awl with metal chuck used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Ju...

  19. Dark gray edge iron shoemaking tool used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Edge iron shoemaking tool with a half inch top wedge used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. This burnishing tool is heated and heavily pressed along the edge of the shoe sole to strengthen the edge and seal it from water. There are several edge irons of different sizes and forms in his tool kit which Simon, a master shoemaker, kept with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon ...

  20. Wooden awl haft with chuck used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Wooden stitching awl handle with chuck which would hold a stitching needle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union ...