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Displaying items 821 to 840 of 7,748
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  1. Wing shaped Portuguese Air Force pin given to a young Jewish refugee by friends in Lisbon

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Airman's lapel pin given to 13 year old Joseph Schadur by friends in Portugal during his family's flight from Nazi dominated Europe. It was given to him by two brothers, Sebastio and Jose Alameida, who came to the family's aid when they were stranded in Alcobaca during Christmas 1940. The men were air force officers and Joseph believed it was a Portuguese Air Force pin, but it may be an advertisement for an inn frequented by airmen. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their ...

  2. Antiaircraft shell fragments found after an air raid on Bordeaux by a young Jewish refugee

    1. Michel Shadur family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517554
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)

    Shell fragments recovered by 12 year old Joseph Schadur in their yard in Bruges, France, during his family's flight from Nazi-dominated Europe. Joseph scratched the date on the fragment himself. The Germans stationed several anti-aircraft batteries in Bruges, a small village near Bordeaux, which was a frequent RAF bombing target because of the port installations.The shells were fired from German guns at British bomber planes over Bordeaux on November 23, 1940. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live th...

  3. Dip-pen wiper made for a young Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Pen cleaning pad made for 11 year old Joseph Schadur by Madame Thorel, the matron of Home Diliges, a vacation boarding house for children in Oostduinkerke, Belgium, where he and his sister stayed during the summer of 1938. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and his 4 year old sister, Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveli...

  4. Brown leather billfold used by a Latvian Jewish refugee and aid worker from Nazi Germany

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Wallet used by Michel Schadur (later Shadur) in Belgium, France, and Germany during and after the Holocaust. Michel left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, 8 year old Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveling by private car, they eventually made their way to Lisbon, Portugal. They sailed for New York on board the SS Exeter on February 21...

  5. UNRRA red felt patch with acronym worn by a refugee aid worker

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Patch worn by Michel Shadur when he worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Germany from 1945-1947. He worked as a supply officer for the Wurttemburg district and as director of a displaced persons camp for Jewish refugees in Backnang. Michel left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it difficult and dangerous to live and work there. His wife, their 2 children, 8 year old Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. However, after the Germans occupied Belgium ...

  6. UNRRA red cloth patch with acronym worn by a refugee aid worker

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Patch worn by Michel Shadur when he worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Germany from 1945-1947. He worked as a supply officer for the Wurttemburg district and as a director of a displaced persons camp for Jewish refugees in Backnang. Michel left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it difficult and dangerous to live and work there. His wife, their 2 children, 8 year old Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. However, after the Germans occupied Belgiu...

  7. Dark brown leather wallet with metal S used by a Jewish refugee boy

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Wallet received by 8 year old Joseph Schadur when he lived in Belgium with his family after escaping Nazi Germany in 1936. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveling by private car, they eventually made their way to Lisbon, Portugal. They sailed for New York on board the SS ...

  8. Blue leather billfold used by a Latvian Jewish refugee and aid worker from Nazi Germany

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Dark blue leather wallet used by Michel Schadur (later Shadur) in Belgium, France, and Germany during and after the Holocaust. Michel left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, 8 year old Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveling by private car, they eventually made their way to Lisbon, Portugal. They sailed for New York on board the SS Exe...

  9. Pair of earrings entrusted to a young Austrian Jewish refugee after her emigration

    1. Herta Griffel Baitch collection

    A pair of brass earrings later entrusted to Herta Griffel (b. 1933) by her mother years after her emigration from Vienna, Austria to the United States in 1940. Herta was a young girl living in Vienna, Austria, with her parents, Wolf and Beila Nagel Griffel when Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. On November 9-10, during the Kristallnacht pogrom, Wolf and Beila’s grocery store was taken from them and Wolf was forced into compulsory labor. Every morning a truck took him and the other men i...

  10. Documentation of the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund in Geneva, 1933-1940

    The collection contains correspondence of Joseph Thon and Theodor Grubner, representatives of the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund in Geneva. There are also personal letters from relatives of Jews in Poland to the Polish Jews in Geneva, reports regarding the situation of the Jews in Poland and lists of Jews from Poland.

  12. Telegrams of Joel Brand and others from Eretz Israel, Istanbul, Switzerland and Hungary regarding the situation of refugee Jews in Hungary and in refugee camps in Europe and the relief operations on their behalf, 1945

    1. P.32 - Collection of Hansi and Joel Brand, activists in the Relief and Rescue Committee in Budapest during World War II

    Telegrams of Joel Brand and others from Eretz Israel, Istanbul, Switzerland and Hungary regarding the situation of refugee Jews in Hungary and in refugee camps in Europe and the relief operations on their behalf, 1945 Situation of the refugee Jews in Hungary and in refugee camps in Europe; names of survivors in need of help; requests to obtain certificates for [legal] aliya to Eretz Israel; sending and receiving telegrams by Hansi Brand, Israel Kasztner, Nathan Schwalb, Chaim Pazner, Chaim Barlas and other representatives of the Vaad Hahatzala (Rescue Committee) of the Jewish Agency, the Er...

  13. Rabbi Munk Personal Archive: Correspondence with the Refugee Children's Movement in England and additional organizations regarding care for refugee children in England, including dormitories, schools, foster parents and religious education, 1939-1964

    1. P.15 - Rabbi Eli Munk Archives: Correspondence regarding the situation of the Jewish refugees in Germany during the early post-Holocaust years

    Rabbi Munk Personal Archive: Correspondence with the Refugee Children's Movement in England and additional organizations regarding care for refugee children in England, including dormitories, schools, foster parents and religious education, 1939-1964 Also in the file: - Two lists of children; - Various reports regarding the situation of the refugee children in England.

  14. Two reports by the War Refugee Board regarding the negotiations held between Saly Mayer and SS representatives, and a book titled "Rescue to Switzerland: The Musy and Saly Mayer Affairs", including a collection of War Refugee board documents regarding the

    1. P.36 - Saly Mayer Archive: Documentation regarding the activities of Saly Mayer, President of the SIG (Union of Jewish Communities in Switzerland), on behalf of the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)

    Two reports by the War Refugee Board regarding the negotiations held between Saly Mayer and SS representatives, and a book titled "Rescue to Switzerland: The Musy and Saly Mayer Affairs", including a collection of War Refugee board documents regarding the negotiations with SS representatives concerning the fate of the Jews in Hungary; documents dated, 1944-1982 - Final report by the director of the War Refugee Board in Washington, 15 September 1945, including a description of the negotiations held between Saly Mayer and SS representatives, and instructions issued by US President F. D. Roose...

  16. War Rushes Through the Land Child's depiction of an imagined aerial battle drawn by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Sketch of an imaginary aerial battle done by Fritz Vendig, 12, when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Ernst's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, they prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, the family, along with Ernst's mother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all passengers. Appeals were made to the Cuban and U...

  17. We are the young Swiss Child's sketch of 2 boys parading with a Swiss flag by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Sketch of two boys marching with a flag drawn by 13 year old Fritz Vendig when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban autho...

  18. Were Found Alive Child's sketch of a man listening to a radio drawn by a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Sketch of a man listening to a radio, perhaps in a barrack, drawn Fritz Vendig, 12, when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. C...

  19. We are Coming Child’s pencil sketch of 2 boys in beds listening to the radio by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Sketch of two boys, possibly Fritz and his brother Heiner, listening to radio reports by Fritz Vendig, 12, when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Ernst's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, they prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, the family, along with Ernst's mother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all pass...

  20. Silk scarf with a handpainted clown and an inscription created by a Jewish Polish refugee in Bergen-Belsen DP camp

    1. Leopold Schein collection

    Silk scarf with a design painted by Poldek (Leopold) Schein for his future wife Pepi on November 14, 1946, when he was living in Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp. The scarf features a jack-in-the-box jester with a book and best wishes from Poldek and his best friend Romek. On December 25, 1947, Pepi and Poldek had a double wedding with Romek and Pepi's adopted sister Madelaine. Romek died of a hernia in the DP camp in 1949. Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939. Nineteen year old Poldek lived in Krakow with his parents Abraham and Mania, three brothers, Joseph, Herman,...