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Displaying items 8,001 to 8,020 of 10,510
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Item type: Archival Descriptions

  1. Pencil portrait of his father brought to the US by a Jewish refugee from Vienna

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Portrait of his father, Salomon, brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in September 1938. Germany annexed Austria on March 12, 1938, and enacted anti-Jewish policies stripping Jews of their rights. The Mentkewicz family capmaking business declined and they barely made enough to buy food. Regina was able to obtain visas and permissions to leave with the help of her family, many already in the US. Salomon and his wife Frieda were too elderly to leave. David and his family l...

  2. Small silhouette of his father brought to the US by a Jewish refugee from Vienna

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Small silhouette of his father, Salomon, brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in September 1938. Germany annexed Austria on March 12, 1938, and enacted anti-Jewish policies stripping Jews of their rights. The Mentkewicz family capmaking business declined and they barely made enough to buy food. Regina was able to obtain visas and permissions to leave with the help of her family. Salomon and his wife Frieda were too elderly to leave. David and his family left in September...

  3. Salomon Strauss-Marko papers

    1. Salomon Strauss-Marko collection

    The papers consist of photographs, documents, letters, identification cards, and a manuscript relating to the experiences of Salomon Strauss-Marko during the Holocaust. The photographs depict Salomon Strauss-Marko during World War II when he pretended to be a Ukrainian under the false name of "Timofiej Marko." The letters were written by forced laborers under Strauss-Marko's supervision to "Timofiej Marko" requesting help or thanking him for help.

  4. Portrait of a Jewish Lithuanian partisan, drawn by Alexander Bogen

    1. Alexander Bogen collection

    Sketch of Tuvia Szeres, a 24 year old partisan fighter known as Tevko the Tiger, created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna (Vilnius) in June1941 when Germany occupied Lithuania. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occ...

  5. US Army American Campaign Medal and ribbon bar with presentation box awarded to a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn39891
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) c: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm)

    Bronze medal with ribbon, ribbon bar, and presentation box issued to Tom (Tibor) Kovary for service in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, 19 year old Tibor Kovari and his 20 year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into...

  6. US Army Victory Medal, two ribbon bars and presentation box awarded to a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn39908
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) c: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) d: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm)

    Victory Medal, ribbon bars, and box issued to Tom (Tibor) Kovary for service in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, whe...

  7. US Army Good Conduct Medal, 3 ribbon bars, and 3 ribbons awarded to a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn39915
    • English
    • 1943-1946
    • a: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) c: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) d: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) e: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) f: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) g: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

    Good Conduct Medal, three red and white ribbon bars, and 3 replacement ribbons issued to Tom (Tibor) Kovary for service in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, 19 year old Tibor Kovari and his 20 year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They il...

  8. Cross of Merit medal, ribbons, and pins awarded to a Dutch Jewish soldier, Prinses Irene Brigade

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47134
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) c: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) d: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) e: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Depth: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)

    Kruis van Verdienste [Cross of Merit] medal, ribbon, and presentation box, two ribbon bars, and a gold bar pin awarded to Jack Grootkerk, a Dutch Jewish soldier in the Prinses Irene Brigade, Dutch Free Forces from September 1942 to September 1945. The Brigade was formed in England in 1941 by the Dutch government in exile and Dutch Army personnel. The unit wore British battledress uniforms with Dutch insignia. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. In December 1941, Jack was told to report for forced labor in Germany. He and his brother Erich fled to France and Spain, and were int...

  9. Dutch Commemorative War Cross awarded to a Dutch Jewish soldier, Prinses Irene Brigade

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection

    Oorlogsherinneringskruis [Commemorative War Cross] medal awarded to Jack Grootkerk, a Dutch Jewish soldier in the Prinses Irene Brigade, Dutch Free Forces, from September 1942 to September 1945. The honorary medal was presented to all Brigade members who landed at Normandy in 1944. The Brigade was formed in England in 1941 by the Dutch government in exile and Dutch Army personnel. The unit wore British battledress uniforms with Dutch insignia. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. In December 1941, Jack was told to report for forced labor in Germany. He and his brother Erich fle...

  10. Study of soldiers preparing for the Battle of Monte Cassino by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Preliminary study with two jeeps carrying soldiers with a sketch of a cliff created by Edward Herzbaum, 24, on May 31, 1944. Several works created by Edward were published during the war in military produced magazines. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, British Army, which was honored for bravery during the four month 1944 Battle of Monte Cassino in Italy. The Allies bombed the 1349 abbey in February and the resulting ruins provided protected defensive positions for German troops, blocking the northward progress of the Allies. The 2nd Polish Corps led the mountain assault in the ...

  11. Watercolor of craggy mountain range with a cloud-filled sky by a young Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Watercolor of a landscape with craggy mountains created by 22 year old Edward Herzbaum in December 1942 in Kanaqin (Khanaqin), Iraq. This city near the Iranian border is where the Polish Army of the East joined British forces. They met at the large base and field hospital where many died after the long, arduous march from Russia. There were oil fields near the city and it was also along a major Muslim pilgrimage route. Edward now was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, attached to the British Army. The Corps next was stationed near Habbiniya, Iraq, from March-September 1943 to receive artill...

  12. Sketch of a young man in a cap created by a young Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Ink portrait sketch of a young man in a cap created by 22 year old Edward Herzbaum circa 1942 in Uzbekistan. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, now attached to the British Army. The Corps was next stationed near Habbiniya, Iraq, from March-September 1943 receiving artillery and other military training. Edward, age 19, left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939. He went to stay with family in Soviet controlled Lvov. In June 1940, Edward was arrested by Soviet security police and exiled to a forced labor camp. Germany invaded the Soviet Uni...

  13. Pencil drawing of a ship hoist and the harbor by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Close-up view of a ship hoist framing a view of the busy Naples port in the background created by Edward Herzbaum on October 31, 1946, during the voyage from Italy to England with other veterans of the 2nd Polish Corps. The Corps, a unit of the British Army, was in Italy when the war ended May 7, 1945. In October 1946, the British government finally granted the veterans permission to immigrate to England. Edward had served as a soldier in the Polish Army of the East, which became the 2nd Polish Corps,in the 5th Kresowa Infantry Division. Edward, at age 19, left Łódź, Poland, shortly after N...

  14. Self-portrait in uniform and beret with pipe created by a young Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Pen and ink wash self-portrait with two images recalling wartime memories drawn by 25 year old Edward Herzbaum in 1946. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, British Army, from 1941-1945. Edward, 19, left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939 to stay with family in Soviet controlled Lvov. In June 1940, Edward was arrested by Soviet security police and exiled to a forced labor camp. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Edward was released as part of an amnesty granted to Polish prisoners. He headed south to join the Polish Army of t...

  15. Watercolor of a domed building in the desert near blue green Lake Habbiniyah created by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Watercolor of an imposing domed building near Lake Habbaniyah, Irag, created by 23 year old Edward Herzbaum in April 1943. Habbinaya was an RAF (British Royal Air Force) base and colonial town 40 miles east of Baghdad where Edward often went to swim and see movies. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, now attached to the British Army. The Corps was stationed near Habbiniya from March-September 1943 receiving artillery and other military training. Edward, age 19, had left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939 to stay with family in Soviet co...

  16. Pencil drawing of two tents created by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Pencil drawing of two tents created by 23 year old Edward Herzbaum in Habbinaya, Iraq, in April 1943. See 2012.471.54 for a similar scene in watercolor. Habbinaya was an RAF (British Royal Air Force) base and colonial town 40 miles east of Baghdad where Edward often went to swim and see movies. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, now attached to the British Army. The Corps was stationed near Habbiniya from March-September 1943 receiving artillery and other military training. Edward, age 19, had left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939 to...

  17. Brown hued watercolor of two tents in a desert windstorm created by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Watercolor of two tents in a sandstorm created by 23 year old Edward Herzbaum in Habbinaya (Habbaniyah), Iraq, in April 1943. See 2012.471.53 for a similar scene in pencil. Habbinaya was an RAF (British Royal Air Force) base and colonial town 40 miles east of Baghdad where Edward often went to swim and see movies. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, now attached to the British Army. The Corps was stationed near Habbiniya from March-September 1943 receiving artillery and other military training. Edward, age 19, had left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country ...

  18. Pencil drawing of a young Dorcas gazelle created by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Realistic pencil drawing of a young Dorcas gazelle at rest drawn by 23 year old Edward Herzbaum in Habbinaya (Habbaniyah), Iraq, in August 1943. Habbinaya was an RAF (British Royal Air Force) base and colonial town 40 miles east of Baghdad where Edward often went to swim and see movies. Edward was a soldier in the 2nd Polish Corps, now attached to the British Army. The Corps was stationed near Habbiniya from March-September 1943 receiving artillery and other military training. Edward, age 19, had left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939 to stay wi...

  19. War Medal 1939-1945, ribbon and box awarded to a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn61180
    • English
    • 1939-1945
    • a: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) c: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm)

    British issued War Medal 1939-1945 with striped ribbon and box of issue awarded to Edward Herzbaum for his service in World War II. Edward was a soldier in the 5th Krestowa Infantry, 2nd Polish Corps, British Army from 1942-1945, and in combat with the British 8th Army in Italy from February 1944-May 7, 1945. The medal was received by his daughter in 1990 on his behalf. Many Polish soldiers refused their British medals as a protest against the government for excluding them from the Victory Parade of 1946 due to pressure from Stalin. Edward, 19, left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany ...

  20. Italy Star 1943-1945 medal, ribbon, and box awarded to a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn61181
    • English
    • 1990
    • a: Height: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) c: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm)

    British issued Italy Star (1943-1945) with striped ribbon and box of issue awarded to Edward Herzbaum for honor and gallantry during his service in the Allied campaign in Italy. Edward was a soldier in the 5th Krestowa Infantry, 2nd Polish Corps, British Army from 1942-1945, and in combat with the British 8th Army in Italy from February 1944-May 8, 1945. The medal was received by his daughter in 1990 on his behalf. Many Polish soldiers refused their British medals as a protest against the government for excluding them from the Victory Parade of 1946 due to pressure from Stalin. Edward, 19, ...