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Displaying items 761 to 780 of 7,748
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  1. Brass Hanukkah menorah with fish shaped feet used by a Jewish refugee family

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection

    Hanukiyah used by Isaac Ossowski and his family, made by Joseph Romiger, Stuttgart, Germany. The family would be forced to leave Berlin in 1938 because of the targeted persecution of Jews by the government of Nazi Germany. Each child in the Ossowski family had their own hanukkah lamp. A Hanukkah candelabrum holds eight candles for the eight nights of Hanukkah; the ninth candle is the shamash [attendant] that is used to light the other candles. Because of their religious significance, the Hanukkah lights cannot be used in everyday ways, such as providing light. Traditionally, menorah refers ...

  2. Napkin ring with a silver initial S used for Passover seder by a Jewish refugee

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection

    Napkin ring used to mark the place at Pesach seder for Sol Oster (Ossowski) who left Germany and then Lithuania to escape the increasingly violent anti-Semitism of those countries during the 1930s. Sol’s father, Rabbi Isaac Ossowski, was a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin, Germany. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, increasingly severe sanctions were placed upon Jews. The family was targeted repeatedly by the SS (Schutzstaffel; Protection Squadrons.) Fourteen year old Sol told his father that he wanted to leave Germany to attend a seminary and, in 1934, he was ...

  3. Pair of tefillin with blue velvet bag used by a Jewish refugee

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn7106
    • English
    • 1938
    • a: Height: 8.750 inches (22.225 cm) | Width: 6.620 inches (16.815 cm) b: Height: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm) | Width: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Depth: 1.880 inches (4.775 cm) c: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Depth: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm)

    Tefillin and bag used by Isaac Ossowski, a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin, Germany, who emigrated in 1938 to avoid the increasing persecution of Jews by the government of Nazi Germany. Tefillin are 2 small black leather boxes containing Torah verses that are worn on the arm and head by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. Rabbi Ossowski was head shochet [ritual slaughterer], mohel [practitioner of ritual circumcision], sofer [scribe], and hazan [cantor, or musical prayer leader] at the Alte Shul [Old Synagogue]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, inc...

  4. Mezuzah in a copper metal case used by a Jewish refugee family

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection

    Mezuzah and case that belonged to Isaac Ossowski, a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin, Germany, who emigrated in 1938 to avoid the increasing persecution of Jews by the government of Nazi Germany. According to the Torah, every doorpost in a Jewish home should display a mezuzah, a small parchment scroll inscribed with two chapters from Deuteronomy, including the Shema, a central prayer of Judaism and the source of this law. The scroll is enclosed in a case so that it can be affixed to the right doorpost. It serves as a reminder of the covenant of faith and a notice that this...

  5. Book of prayers in Hebrew and German brought with a German Jiewsh refugee

    1. Arthur Cohn and Leo Nast collection

    Jewish prayer book brought with Arthur Cohn when he escaped from Breslau, Germany, with his wife Johanna and 18 year old daughter Irma in May 1940. The appointment of Hitler as Chancellor in 1933 led to increasingly harsh persecution of the Jewish population. Arthur was out of town during the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938, when the Gestapo searched his home and arrested the other Jewish males in the building. They told Johanna that Arthur could not leave the home when he returned. But when they searched the building again the next day, they did not search the Cohn's. Johanna's...

  6. Million cigarette package wrapper collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee boy

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Million cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralf Harpuder in Shanghai, China. This wrapper features a large dollar sign logo. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was able to stay in...

  7. Golden Circles cigarette package wrapper collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee boy

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Golden Circles cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralf Harpuder in Shanghai, China. This wrapper features an image of a boardwalk with a city skyline. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, bu...

  8. Chesterfield cigarette package wrapper collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee boy

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Chesterfield cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder in Shanghai, China. The wrapper features a crown and scepter design. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They went to Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and, as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was a...

  9. Central Bank of China paper currency note, 5000 yuan, acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Chinese bank note, 5000 yuan, acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. It was issued by the Republic of China and this issue was in circulation circa 1945. It features a portrait of Sun Yat-sen and a Pailou style gate. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. F...

  10. Chinese paper currency note, 1000 yuan, acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Chinese, possibly bank note acquired postwar by Ralph Harpuder. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and, as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was able to stay in school because they waived his tuition. The city was liberated by the US...

  11. Straight razor in a black plastic cover brought to Shanghai by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Straight razor kept by Viktor Stummer when he fled from Vienna, Austria, to Shanghai, China, circa December 1938, following his release from Dachau concentration camp. He was imprisoned during Kristallnacht that November 9-10 and released after his sister secured him a ticket to Shanghai. He lived in the Hongkew ghetto and worked as a welder. Shanghai was liberated by the US Army on September 3, 1945. In 1949, Viktor emigrated to Canada and the next year he moved to the US where he married a fellow Shanghai refugee, Gerda Harpuder. They met in Hongkew in 1941 when Gerda asked Viktor to repa...

  12. Japanese propaganda matchbox with a caricature of FDR acquired postwar by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Japanese propaganda matchbox acquired postwar by Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder. This box features a caricature of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was able to sta...

  13. Knight cigarette package wrapper collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Knight cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralf Harpuder in Shanghai, China. This wrapper features an image of an armored knight on a horse. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was ...

  14. Lux cigarette package wrapper collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee boy

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Lux cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralf Harpuder in Shanghai, China. This wrapper features an image of a sports player within a red football. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ral...

  15. Garbor cigarette package wrapper collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee boy

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Garbor cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralf Harpuder in Shanghai, China. This wrapper features an image of a woman’s profile with an art deco design. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, ...

  16. Five dragon cigarette package cover collected in Shanghai by a German Jewish refugee boy

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Chinese cigarette package label collected and traded by Ralf Harpuder in Shanghai, China. This wrapper features an image of five dragons breathing fire. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin, Germany, following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They left for Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obtain, but Ralf was ...

  17. Brown leather wallet brought to the US by a Jewish Hungarian refugee

    1. Paul Zilczer family collection

    Brown leather wallet brought with Paul Zilczer when he left Budapest, Hungary, for the United States, in May 1939. Paul, a physicist, and his wife Margit lived in Budapest, when in 1938, the fascist Hungarian government passed laws restricting the rights of Jews. In 1939, Paul and Margit both traveled to England. On May 17, Paul sailed to New York City where he lived with his cousin Emil and his family. Margit returned to Budapest. In November 1940, Hungary entered World War II as a German ally. In March 1944, Germany invaded Hungary to ensure Hungary's continued involvement with the war ef...

  18. Dark brown leather briefcase brought to the US by a Jewish Hungarian refugee

    1. Paul Zilczer family collection

    Brown leather briefcase brought with Paul Zilczer when he left Budapest, Hungary, for the United States, in May 1939. Paul, a physicist, and his wife Margit lived in Budapest, when in 1938, the fascist Hungarian government passed laws restricting the rights of Jews. In 1939, Paul and Margit both traveled to England. On May 17, Paul sailed to New York City where he lived with his cousin Emil and his family. Margit returned to Budapest. In November 1940, Hungary entered World War II as a German ally. In March 1944, Germany invaded Hungary to ensure Hungary's continued involvement with the war...

  19. Patchwork leather wallet brought to the US by a Jewish Hungarian refugee

    1. Paul Zilczer family collection

    Patchwork leather wallet brought with Paul Zilczer when he left Budapest, Hungary, for the United States, in May 1939. Paul, a physicist, and his wife Margit lived in Budapest, when in 1938, the fascist Hungarian government passed laws restricting the rights of Jews. In 1939, Paul and Margit both traveled to England. On May 17, Paul sailed to New York City where he lived with his cousin Emil and his family. Margit returned to Budapest. In November 1940, Hungary entered World War II as a German ally. In March 1944, Germany invaded Hungary to ensure Hungary's continued involvement with the wa...

  20. Brown leather wallet with a strap brought to the US by a Jewish Hungarian refugee

    1. Paul Zilczer family collection

    Brown leather wallet with a strap brought with Paul Zilczer when he left Budapest, Hungary, for the United States, in May 1939. Paul, a physicist, and his wife Margit lived in Budapest, when in 1938, the fascist Hungarian government passed laws restricting the rights of Jews. In 1939, Paul and Margit both traveled to England. On May 17, Paul sailed to New York City where he lived with his cousin Emil and his family. Margit returned to Budapest. In November 1940, Hungary entered World War II as a German ally. In March 1944, Germany invaded Hungary to ensure Hungary's continued involvement wi...