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Displaying items 741 to 760 of 7,748
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  1. Soviet Union, 1 chervonets note, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Soviet bank note for 1 chervonet acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were forcibly relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began preparation...

  2. Soviet Union, 10 chervonets note, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee to the US

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Soviet bank note for 10 chervonets acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were forcibly relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began preparati...

  3. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 1000 marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    German bank note for 1000 marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. It was issued during the Weimar Republic in 1923. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began ...

  4. Imperial Germany Reichsbanknote, 100 marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Imperial German bank note for 100 marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. The note was issued in Imperial Germany in 1908. This note has a green seal which indicates it was printed post World War I (1914-1918.) Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including...

  5. Oberhausen, Germany, emergency currency, 5 million marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    City of Oberhausen emergency currency note [notgeld] for 5 million marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. The currency was issued in 1923 due to the period of hyperinflation during the Weimar Republic. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel...

  6. Luggage tag for the US used by a Jewish refugee from Vienna

    1. Egon Feldmann collection

    Luggage tag used by Egon Feldmann, who fled Vienna in 1939 with his first wife Elsie and then continued on the the United States. It is for the French Line Transatlantique, 3rd class, from Le Havre to New York via Southhampton.

  7. US military ID tags issued to German refugee and soldier in Counterintelligence Corps

    1. Ernest Fiedler collection

    Military dogs tags issued to Ernest Fiedler, who served in the the United States Army Counterintelligence Corps. He and his family left Nazi Germany for the US in 1938.

  8. Watercolor self-portrait by a Polish Jewish refugee in Stuttgart DP camp

    1. Zvi and Ester Steinkeller Weinstadt family collection

    Watercolor self-portrait created by 20 year old Cai Her Wajnsztat (later Zvi Weinstadt) in Stuttgart displaced persons camp in Germany. In February 1940, the Germans turned the Jewish quarter of Łódź, Poland, where Zvi lived with his parents, Icek and Blima, and his 11 year old sister Hadasa, into a sealed ghetto. In September 1942, Blima and the children were rounded up for transport to Chelmno killing center. Zvi and Hadasa jumped off the wagon, but when Blima jumped, she was run over. Icek brought her home. Soon after, he was taken away and Blima died of her injuries. On August 8, 1944, ...

  9. Kenyan wood sculpture of two gazelles owned by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Berg and Hermanns families collection

    Carved wooded sculpture of an adult gazelle with one young offspring acquired by Gisela Berg and her family in Kenya where they lived after fleeing Cologne, Germany, in May/June 1939. The family was warned by neighbors to leave their home in Lechenich prior to the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938. Their homes were vandalized and the family decided to leave Germany. Jill's father Josef, his brother George, and cousin Ernest fled to the Netherlands. They were arrested, but their uncle, Herman Meyer, hired a lawyer and the men were detained but not deported. This gave the family tim...

  10. Public School Athletic League Winged Victory achievement badge received by a German Jewish teenage refugee

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Girl's Branch PSAL (Public School Athletic League) medal awarded to Franziska (Ruth) Danzig for physical accomplishments when she attended school in New York in the 1940s. When Ruth was 6, her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on...

  11. Kenyan wood bust of an African youth owned by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Berg and Hermanns families collection

    Carved wooden bust of an African male in profile, with the hair and stretched earlobes of a Maasai warrior, acquired by Gisela Berg and her family in Kenya where they lived after fleeing Cologne, Germany, in May/June 1939. The family was warned by neighbors to leave their home in Lechenich prior to the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938. Their homes were vandalized and the family decided to leave Germany. Jill's father Josef, his brother George, and cousin Ernest fled to the Netherlands. They were arrested, but their uncle, Herman Meyer, hired a lawyer and the men were detained but...

  12. 2nd Class Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  14. Black suitcase with leather trim used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Suitcase used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika in 1937 to attend the Jewish school. During the Kristallnacht pogrom on November 9-10, 1938, they passed the burning synagogue and were told...

  15. Drawn threadwork pillowcase with the embroidered initials KR used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Whitework pillowcase used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. It was made by her maternal aunt Friederika Lemberger and embroidered with Bertl's mother's initials, KR, Katherine Rosenfelt. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika i...

  16. Pillowcase with cutwork flowers and the embroidered initials FL used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Pillowcase with cutwork embroidery used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. It was made by her maternal aunt Friederika Lemberger and embroidered with her initials, FL. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika in 1937 to attend the...

  17. Monogrammed pillowcase with whitework embroidery used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Monogrammed pillowcase with an eyelet design used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. It was made by her maternal aunt Friederika Lemberger from a converted pillow sham with her initials FL. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika...

  18. Monogrammed pillowcase with whitework embroidery used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Monogrammed pillowcase wth an eyelet design used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. It was made by her maternal aunt Friederika Lemberger from a converted pillow sham with her initials FL. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful bcause of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika i...

  19. Alone, a minimalist steel sculpture symbolizing the alienated existence of a refugee

    1. Peter Dallos collection

    Alone is a semi-abstract black painted steel sculpture created by Peter Dallos in 1988 to convey his state of mind after escaping Hungary in 1956 following the revolution against Soviet control. It is one of nine works in The War Series, created from 1988-2012. Each work has small, thin brass rods carefully positioned in the forbidding sculptural environment that often represent Peter and his parents, as well as all those victimized by the war and the Holocaust. Hungary was a close German ally and had enacted anti-Jewish laws since the 1930s. In 1940, Peter's father and uncles were deported...

  20. Pair of Sabbath candlesticks with wax reservoirs owned by a Jewish refugee

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn7118
    • English
    • 1938
    • a: Height: 12.750 inches (32.385 cm) | Width: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Depth: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) b: Height: 1.120 inches (2.845 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) c: Height: 12.750 inches (32.385 cm) | Width: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Depth: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) d: Height: 1.120 inches (2.845 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm)

    Pair of Shabbat candleholders that belonged to Isaac Ossowski, a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin who left Germany because of the targeted persecution of Jews by the Nazi government. Rabbi Ossowski was a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin. He was head shochet [ritual slaughterer], mohel [practioner of ritual circumcision], sofer [scribe], and hazan [cantor or musical prayer leader] at the Alte Shul [Old Synagogue]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, increasingly severe sanctions were enacted against Jews. The Ossowski family was repeatedly quest...