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Displaying items 481 to 500 of 7,808
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  1. Leather billfold used by a German Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany to Canada

    1. Jacob G. Wiener collection

    Billfold owned by Josef Zwienicki at the time of his emigration from Germany in 1939. Josef, his wife, and four children lived in Bremen as the Nazis rose to power. It was a predominantly non-Jewish city and there was popular support for increasingly punitive restrictions enacted against the Jewish population. On Kristallnacht in November 9-10, 1938, his wife, Selma, was shot and killed in their home by rioters. Josef appealed for help from relatives abroad. A cousin in Canada arranged for Josef and his four children, Avraham, Gerd (Jacob), Benno, and Liesel, to come to Canada as refugees. ...

  2. Black flat top steamer trunk used by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Ida Weiss collection

    Trunk used by Ida Weiss during her journey from Austria to the United States in 1938. Ida was a Czech Jew who lived in Vienna with her daughter, Louisa. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Ida decided to leave the country for the United States. She sailed for New York City aboard a Norddeutscher Lloyd ship, the Columbus, which departed from Bremen, Germany, on September 15, 1938.

  3. Boy Scout badge with an embroidered red lion worn by an Austrian Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not ...

  4. Boy Scout badge with an embroidered red lion worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not ...

  5. Leather Boy Scout badge with a red dragon worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany,anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not a...

  6. Rover Boy Scout set of green epaulets with fleur-de-lis worn by a Jewish refugee

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Green Rover Scout shoulder boards worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to Engla...

  7. Boy Scout ribbons in yellow, green, and red worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout ribbons worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were no...

  8. Red yarn tassels for a Boy Scout uniform worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Two Boy Scout tassels worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They wer...

  9. Boy Scout red leather woggle worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout slide fastener for a neckerchief used by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport...

  10. Green canvas belt for a Boy Scout uniform used by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout belt worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not a...

  11. Pencil portrait of his father brought to the US by a Jewish refugee from Vienna

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Portrait of his father, Salomon, brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in September 1938. Germany annexed Austria on March 12, 1938, and enacted anti-Jewish policies stripping Jews of their rights. The Mentkewicz family capmaking business declined and they barely made enough to buy food. Regina was able to obtain visas and permissions to leave with the help of her family, many already in the US. Salomon and his wife Frieda were too elderly to leave. David and his family l...

  12. Small silhouette of his father brought to the US by a Jewish refugee from Vienna

    1. David Mentken family collection

    Small silhouette of his father, Salomon, brought with David Mentkewicz, when he, his wife Regina, and their sons, 7 year old Edgar and 4 year old Robert, left Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in September 1938. Germany annexed Austria on March 12, 1938, and enacted anti-Jewish policies stripping Jews of their rights. The Mentkewicz family capmaking business declined and they barely made enough to buy food. Regina was able to obtain visas and permissions to leave with the help of her family. Salomon and his wife Frieda were too elderly to leave. David and his family left in September...

  13. Monogrammed pink silk pillow sham recovered by a Hungarian Jewish refugee postwar

    1. Gabriella Weinberger Neufeld family collection

    Silk damask pillow sham recovered for Gabriella Weinberger by a relative, possibly Blanka Cobel, in Nyiregyhaza, Hungary, after the war. It was made for her sister Marta’s dowry and embroidered with her initials. The family hid the sham in their home during the war. In May 1944, 15 year old Gabriella, her mother, Iren, and 18 year old Marta were deported from the Nyiregyhaza ghetto to Auschwitz. In August, they were sent to Struthof-Natzweiler, and later to Ravensbrück, where Iren died. In February 1945, the sisters were deported to Bergen-Belsen, where Marta, too weak to walk, was taken aw...

  14. Star of David badge with Juif worn by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Eric Gutsmuth collection

    Star of David patch worn by Eric Gutsmuth's mother-in-law, a German refugee in France during World War II

  15. Large flat top trunk monogrammed HB used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Henry and Sophie Bernhard collection

    Large trunk used by Hans Bernhard when he left Berlin, Germany, for Havana, Cuba, in March 1939. Due to German emigration laws, Hans and his wife, Sophie, were only allowed to bring one suitcase per person. In November 1938, Hans was notified by the German government that he would no longer be able to operate his wholesale textile business because he was Jewish. Hans and Sophie sailed from Hamburg on the MS Orinoco on March 28, 1939. The Orinoco was the last ship allowed to unload refugee passengers from Europe in Havana. In March 1940, Hans and Sophie emigrated to the United States.

  16. Large flat top trunk monogrammed SB used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Henry and Sophie Bernhard collection

    Large trunk used by Sophie Bernhard when she left Berlin, Germany, for Havana, Cuba, in March 1939. Due to German emigration laws, Sophie and her husband, Hans, were only allowed to bring one suitcase per person. In November 1938, Hans was notified by the German government that he would no longer be able to operate his wholesale textile business because he was Jewish. Hans and Sophie sailed from Hamburg on the MS Orinoco on March 28, 1939. The Orinoco was the last ship allowed to unload refugee passengers from Europe in Havana. In March 1940, Hans and Sophie emigrated to the United States.

  17. Leica IIIa camera and brown leather case owned by a German Jewish refugee to Cuba

    1. Henry and Sophie Bernhard collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517195
    • English
    • 1935-1939
    • a: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 6.125 inches (15.558 cm) | Depth: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) b: Height: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Depth: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm)

    Leica IIIa camera and brown leather cased purchased by Hans Bernhard in Berlin, Germany, prior to his emigration to Havana, Cuba, in March 1939. Hans purchased the camera with the intention to sell it if he ran short of funds, as there were strict limits on the amount of money Jews could take out of Germany. In November 1938, Hans was notified by the Nazi government that he would no longer be able to operate his textile wholesale business because he was Jewish. Hans and his wife, Sophie, sailed on the MS Orinoco from Hamburg on March 28, 1939. The Orinoco was the last ship allowed to unload...

  18. Dried pressed flower brought to the US by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    Dried pressed flower found in the autograph album, 1994.53.6.1, owned by Irene Rosenthal. Irene fled Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in March 1940. German troops marched over the border into Austria in March 1938. The next day, Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. Anti-Jewish legislation was enacted to strip Jews of their civil rights. The November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom vandalized Jewish businesses and homes and destroyed most of the synagogues in Austria. Irene received a visa to leave Austria in March and sailed that month from Genoa, Italy, to New York.

  19. Handbill issued following the first reports on the refugee crisis for Jews in Poland

    1. Nazi Germany cultural and political propaganda collection

    Announcement issued, probably after 1941, seeking funds for Jewish refugees of the war in Europe, especially Poland. The idea is to bring them to Palestine and, for that, large funds have to be collected. However, it is possible that is was published earlier due to concerns for the coming destruction. The page long declaration has been signed by most of the important people of the Jewish community in Palestine, including the directors of the Sokhnut (the Jewish Agency), well known rabbis and scholars, etc. The back of the paper is covered with pencilled notations listing an organization's i...

  20. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 500 million marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 500 million marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was issued in 1923 by the German government and is an example of the money printed during the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. The small circle watermark indicates a private firm printer. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Erich’s law practice in Vienna was confiscated because he was Jewish. In November, he decided to leave the country for the United States with his wife, Ella, and two step-daughters, Amelia and Gerda. After the war ended in May 1945, Erich worked as a c...