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Displaying items 421 to 440 of 7,808
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  1. Leather wallet with a painted geometric design used by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Julius Kornman collection

    Painted brown wallet owned by Yuda (Ido) Kornmann, a Jewish man from Sokal, Poland, who survived the Holocaust with his wife Hela and young daughter Regina. Nazi Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Three weeks later, the Soviet Union invaded from the east. Sokal was in eastern Poland (later Ukraine) and was occupied by the Soviet Union. When Germany attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941, the town was overrun by German troops on June 23. Most of Ido’s relatives and the Jewish population of Sokal were deported to Belzec killing center in 1942. After the war ended in May 1945, Ido, H...

  2. Brown cloth pouch with leather belt used by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Julius Kornman collection

    Brown cloth pouch with a separate belt owned by Yuda (Ido) Kornmann, a Jewish man from Sokal, Poland, who survived the Holocaust with his wife Hela and young daughter Regina. Nazi Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Three weeks later, the Soviet Union invaded from the east. Sokal was in eastern Poland (later Ukraine) and was occupied by the Soviet Union. When Germany attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941, the town was overrun by German troops on June 23. Most of Ido’s relatives and the Jewish population of Sokal were deported to Belzec killing center in 1942. After the war ended i...

  3. Imitation leather hatbox used postwar by a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Dorit Isaacsohn family collection

    Large, brown imitation leather hatbox used by 16 year old Dorit Isaacsohn and her mother Gertrud during their November 1949 emigration from Berlin, Germany, to the United States. By the late 1930’s, Dorit’s parents had lost their livelihood because of the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi regime. Dorit, age 6, was sent to Brussels on a Kindertransport in 1939. Germany invaded Belgium in May 1940 and Dorit was returned to her parents in Berlin in 1941. On February 27, 1943, Dorit and her family had to separate to go into hiding. Dorit stayed with a family friend, a cousin, and her father Jul...

  4. Square, brown burlap covered trunk used postwar by a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Dorit Isaacsohn family collection

    Brown cloth covered trunk used by 16 year old Dorit Isaacsohn and her mother Gertrud during their November 1949 emigration from Berlin, Germany, to the United States. By the late 1930’s, Dorit’s parents had lost their livelihood because of the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi regime. Dorit, age 6, was sent to Brussels on a Kindertransport in 1939. Germany invaded Belgium in May 1940 and Dorit was returned to her parents in Berlin in 1941. On February 27, 1943, Dorit and her family had to separate to go into hiding. Dorit stayed with a family friend, a cousin, and her father Julius in Berli...

  5. Brown burlap covered trunk used postwar by a young German Jewish refugee

    1. Dorit Isaacsohn family collection

    Brown burlap covered plywood trunk used by 16 year old Dorit Isaacsohn and her mother Gertrud during their November 1949 emigration from Berlin, Germany, to the United States. By the late 1930’s, Dorit’s parents had lost their livelihood because of the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi regime. Dorit, age 6, was sent to Brussels on a Kindertransport in 1939. Germany invaded Belgium in May 1940 and Dorit was returned to her parents in Berlin in 1941. On February 27, 1943, Dorit and her family had to separate to go into hiding. Dorit stayed with a family friend, a cousin, and her father Julius...

  6. Medal and a ribbon bar pin awarded to a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn951
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Diameter: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) b: Height: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Badge awarded around 1945 by the British Boy Scouts Association to Ernst (Ernest) Heppner, a Jewish refugee in Shanghai. It was awarded by the British Red Cross for his direct (bed-to-bed) blood transfusion to a British woman, saving her life. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, his half-sister, Else. He also had an older half-brother, Heinz (Henry), who lived with his wife and young child. Following the Kristallnacht program and Heinz’s subsequent arrest in November 1938, the family began looking at emigration options. Seventeen-y...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a you...

  8. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a youn...

  9. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a youn...

  10. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a youn...

  11. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a youn...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a young...

  13. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a young...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, acquired by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp and acquired post-war by Ernst (Ernest) Heppner. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, and his half-sister, Else, who was severely handicapped from contracting polio as a young ...

  15. Shanghai Volunteer Corps nightstick issued to a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Wooden truncheon issued to Ernst (Ernest) Heppner, in late 1940, as a member of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps (SVC). Founded in 1854, the SVC was under the command of British officers and reinforced the International Settlement’s municipal police. He became a driver for the transport company. Even though he had no prior driving experience, Ernst passed his test at the end of 1940. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, his half-sister, Else, and near his half-brother, Heinz. Following the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, and Hein...

  16. Shanghai Volunteer Corps badge issued to a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Badge issued to Ernest G. Heppner, in late 1940 or early 1941, as a member of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps (SVC). Founded in 1854, the SVC was under the command of British officers and reinforced the International Settlement’s municipal police. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, his half-sister, Else, and near his half-brother, Heinz. Following the Kristallnacht program in November 1938, and Heinz’s subsequent arrest, the family began looking at emigration options. Eighteen-year-old Ernst and his mother secured passage on a ship t...

  17. Shanghai Volunteer Corps badge issued to a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Badge issued to Ernst (Ernest) Heppner, in late 1940 or 1941, as a member of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps (SVC). Founded in 1854, the SVC was under the command of British officers and reinforced the International Settlement’s municipal police. He became a driver for the transport company. Even though he had no prior driving experience, Ernst passed his test at the end of 1940. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, his half-sister, Else, and near his half-brother, Heinz. Following the Kristallnacht program in November 1938, and Heinz’...

  18. Red-brown leather document wallet used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Rudolph Daniel Sichel collection

    Red brown leather document wallet with 5 pockets and a British stamp used by Rudolph Sichel, a Jewish refugee from Frankfurt, Germany, who was a US Army officer in Europe from July 1944-June 1946. In May 1936, unable to return to Germany from England because of anti-Jewish regulations, Sichel went to the US. His parents Ernst and Frieda joined him in 1940. In April 1943, Sichel enlisted in the Army and was sent to Camp Ritchie for military intelligence training. In July 1944, Sichel, Chief Interrogator, Interrogation of Prisoners of War Team 13, landed on Utah Beach in France, attached to t...

  19. Gold ring with engraved initials and date owned by German Jewish refugee

    1. Rudolph Daniel Sichel collection

    Gold finger ring engraved HM, July 11, 1936, owned by Rudolph Sichel, a Jewish refugee from Frankfurt, Germany, who was a US Army officer in Europe from July 1944-June 1946. In May 1936, unable to return to Germany from England because of anti-Jewish regulations, Sichel went to the US. His parents Ernst and Frieda joined him in 1940. In April 1943, Sichel enlisted in the Army and was sent to Camp Ritchie for military intelligence training. In July 1944, Sichel, Chief Interrogator, Interrogation of Prisoners of War Team 13, landed on Utah Beach in France, attached to the 104th Infantry, the ...

  20. Short medium ball tipped flower making tool used by a refugee

    1. Aranka Morvay Tajtacak family collection

    Short medium ball tipped burnishing tool used by Aranka Morvay to produce artificial silk flowers from 1941-1942 in Budapest, Hungary, where she had fled with her son Boaz. In 1941, when Boaz was 10, the Axis powers partitioned his country, Yugoslavia. Boaz and his family lived in Zagreb, now part of the Independent State of Croatia, under the Fascist antisemitic Ustasa regime. His father Zvonimir was sent to Jasenovac concentration camp where he perished. Boaz and Aranka escaped to Budapest. In November 1942, they were arrested. Boaz was placed with the Andrash family. Aranka was deported ...