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Displaying items 10,461 to 10,480 of 10,551
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Language of Description: English

  1. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by a former inmate

    1. Gisela E. Zamora collection

    Theresienstadt scrip for 10 kronen given to Gisela Eckstein, a former inmate of the camp by another former inmate. Currency was confiscated upon entry and scrip was distributed per a 5-tier rating based on status or employment or received for conscript labor while in camp. Gisela, age 14, her parents, Berthold and Bertha, and her brother Norbert, age 12, were deported from Battenberg, Germany, to Ghetto Theresienstadt in September 1942. The family was transported in August 1944 to Auschwitz concentration camp where Gisela was separated from them and sent to Birkenau concentration camp. In O...

  2. Julian and Frieda Noga photograph collection

    The collection consists of photographs depicting Frieda Noga (née Greinegger), originally from Michaelnbach, Austria, with her family; holding a bouquet of flowers; and with her husband Julian Noga, originally from Skrzynka, Poland, as a young couple.

  3. Adler family papers

    1. Denes and Janos Adler family collection

    The Adler family papers document the Holocaust experiences of brothers Denis and János Adler, originally of Szeged, Hungary, and members of their extended families. The collection contains correspondence, biographical materials, immigration documents, restitution claims, and photographs regarding pre-war family lives; Denis’s emigration from Szeged in 1939; János’s conscription into the Hungarian Labor Service that accompanied German troops during the invasion of the Soviet Union, and his subsequent wounding and imprisonment in the field hospital in Alexajewka-Nikolajewka; the imprisonment ...

  4. William Begell papers

    1. William Begell collection

    The William Begell papers consist of a military ID certificate, death announcements, and forty-nine photographs relating to the experiences of William Begell (born Wilhelm Beigel) and his family, namely his father Ferdinand Beigel, before and during the Holocaust. There are eighteen photographs in the collection that depict the donor and his family’s pre-war experiences, including photos of William’s parents and some uncles and aunts, eleven photographs taken in the Vilna ghetto, eleven post-war photographs of the donor in Gailingen, six photos of the Marine Marlin and some of its passenger...

  5. Star of David badge printed Juif worn by a Jew in France

    1. Witek and Wiera Sierpinska collection

    Star of David badge given to Dr. Witek Sierpinski after June 1942 by a Jewish friend who had worn it in France. After the German occupation of Poland in 1939, Witek worked in a psychiatric hospital in Lvov, Poland (Lʹviv, Ukraine). In November 1941, he moved to the Warsaw ghetto and joined the Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludnosci Zydowskiej w Polsce (TOZ), a ghetto health organization that helped the sick and starving. A former co-worker got him out of the ghetto. By 1942, he was active in various Polish resistance groups, particularly the Armia Ludowa [People’s Guard] (AL). He recruited me...

  6. Green striped sateen tefillin pouch hidden and recovered postwar by a Czech Jewish family

    1. Iris Avni-Menzer family collection

    Green sateen bag used to store tefillin by Eduard Menzer, hidden and then recovered after the war by his wife, Aurelia. Tefillin are small boxes with leather straps used by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. The family was living in hiding in the Tatra mountains when, on December 13, 1944, German soldiers burst into the hut where Eduard was saying morning prayers. They yanked off his tallit and tefillin, threw them to the ground, and arrested Eduard. His wife, Aurelia, and daughters had run off, but later returned for the tefillin and pouch. They moved to another hiding place whe...

  7. Tefillin set hidden and recovered postwar by a Czech Jewish family

    1. Iris Avni-Menzer family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn522161
    • English
    • a: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Depth: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm)

    Set of tefillin used by Eduard Menzer, hidden and then recovered after the war by his wife, Aurelia. Tefillin are small boxes with leather straps used by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. The family was living in hiding in the Tatra mountains when, on December 13, 1944, German soldiers burst into the hut where Eduard was saying morning prayers. They yanked off his tallit and tefillin, threw them to the ground, and arrested Eduard. His wife, Aurelia, and daughters had run off, but later returned for the tefillin and pouch. They moved to another hiding place where Aurelia hid the ...

  8. Continental typewriter with a green wooden cover used by Martin Niemoeller

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn522540
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 12.200 inches (30.988 cm) | Depth: 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) b: Height: 6.625 inches (16.827 cm) | Width: 13.625 inches (34.608 cm) | Depth: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm)

    Continental typewriter with wooden cover used by Pastor Martin Niemoeller to prepare his sermons before and after World War II. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and the attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new Protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new government was a dicta...

  9. Czech Air Force pilot badge issued to a Jewish veteran

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Czech Air Force pilot badge issued to Frank Meissner for his service in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile in Great Britain. It may be an observers badge. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, even after their deportation to Theresi...

  10. Wreath shaped badge owned by a Jewish veteran of the Air Force for the Czech government in exile

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Wreath shaped pin with a fish owned by Frank Meissner who served in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, even after their deportation to Theresienstadt ghetto. The letters stopped in 1943. In the...

  11. Czech lion coat of arms cap badge owned by a Jewish veteran of the Czech Air Force in exile

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Tinnie, or pressed tin pincap badge owned by Frank Meissner, who served in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile. It features the Czech coat-of-arms with the rampant split-tailed lion of Bohemia. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, e...

  12. Dried flowers kept within a memorial book saved by a Hungarian Jewish family while in hiding

    Dried flowers preserved from the funeral for Samu Kornhauser by his widow Malvina. She pressed the flowers in the memorial book, Emlekezesek Konyvet, [Book of Remembrance] between pages 34 and 35. The book is record 1999.282.4. The book was preserved during World War II by Malvina, her daughter Margit Pick, her husband Istvan and son Gyorgy. Malvina, ten year old Gyorgy, and his parents lived in hiding in Budapest, Hungary, from November 1944-January 1945. Hungary, an ally of Nazi Germany, had adopted similar anti-Jewish laws in the 1930s. Istvan, an engineer, lost his job in May 1939 becau...

  13. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note acquired by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Theresienstadt scrip valued at 2 kronen that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. Theresienstadt was mixed use camp, primarily a transit camp and a ghetto-labor camp, in German occupied Czechoslovakia from November 1941-May 9, 1945. All currency was confiscated from camp prisoners upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagy...

  14. Embroidered purple tallit bag used by two Hungarian rabbis

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection

    Embroidered tallit bag, given to Rabbi Simon Hevesi in 1923 and later used by his son Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi, after his death in 1943. Simon became a rabbi in Budapest’s Dohány Street synagogue in 1905. He became a leader in the community and was elected chief rabbi of Hungary in 1927. In 1930, Simon’s son, Ferenc, moved to Budapest with his wife and daughter, and also became a rabbi at the Dohány synagogue. During his tenure in Budapest, Simon founded or served as a board member of numerous institutions and organizations, and was a prolific writer and editor of Jewish scholarly works. When ...

  15. Striped tallit worn by two Hungarian rabbis

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection

    Tallit, given to Rabbi Simon Hevesi in 1923 and later used by his son Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi, after his death in 1943. Simon became a rabbi in Budapest’s Dohány Street synagogue in 1905. He became a leader in the community and was elected chief rabbi of Hungary in 1927. In 1930, Simon’s son, Ferenc, moved to Budapest with his wife and daughter, and also became a rabbi at the Dohány synagogue. During his tenure in Budapest, Simon founded or served as a board member of numerous institutions and organizations, and was a prolific writer and editor of Jewish scholarly works. When Simon died in 19...

  16. Set of tefillin with a green pouch worn by a Hungarian rabbi

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn3338
    • English
    • a: Height: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) b: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Depth: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) c: Height: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) | Width: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm)

    Pair of tefillin and pouch owned by Rabbi Simon Hevesi, and later used by his son, Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi. Simon served as chief rabbi of Hungary between 1927 and 1943. Tefillin are small boxes containing prayers attached to leather straps and worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. Simon Handler became an ordained rabbi in 1894, and was appointed chief rabbi in Kassa, Hungary (now Košice, Slovakia) followed by Lugos (now Lugoj, Romania) in 1897. As part of a pilgrimage study trip to Palestine, Simon met the leaders of the Jewish community in Budapest. At their invitation, Simon ...

  17. Black robe used by a Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi for everyday services

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn3322
    • English
    • 1922-1952
    • a: Height: 56.500 inches (143.51 cm) | Width: 18.500 inches (46.99 cm) b: Height: 12.750 inches (32.385 cm) | Width: 34.000 inches (86.36 cm)

    Black robe with detachable capelet used for everyday religious services, brought by Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi from Budapest, Hungary, to New York City in the fall of 1946. Ferenc joined the Dohany Street synagogue as a rabbi when he moved with his wife, Magda, and daughter, Eva, to Budapest in 1930. When his father, Rabbi Simon Hevesi, died in 1943, Ferenc succeeded him as co-chief rabbi of Hungary. Hungary was allied with Germany, but when the Hungarian government began seeking a ceasefire with the Allies, the German army occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944. Afterward, Ferenc and his family were ...

  18. Gold bracelet made from melted-down coins owned by an Austrian Lutheran émigré

    Gold bracelet designed by Elizabeth Deutschhausen and commissioned by her parents before she fled Vienna, Austria in 1939. The bracelet was made using 98.6-percent gold from Austrian ducats (coins), which were melted-down and repurposed into panels depicting different Alpine flowers. Elizabeth and her husband, Lutheran Pastor Wilhelm Deutschhausen, were living in Vienna when Germany annexed Austria during the March 1938 “Anschluss.” Many in the Austrian Protestant Church, which included Lutheranism, supported the creation of the “Reich Church” in Germany and a “nazified” version of Christia...

  19. Small wooden barrel with a door from the home where a Jewish child lived in hiding

    1. Alfred Munzer collection

    Small wooden barrel given to Alfred Munzer by the Madna family who gave him a safe hiding place in The Hague, Netherlands, from September 1942 - May 1945. The barrel was used as a liquor cabinet by Tole Madna, Alfred’s foster father. The Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany in May 1940. Alfred's father Simcha was ordered to report for labor service in May 1942. He managed to get himself committed to a psychiatric hospital to avoid deportation. His wife, Gisele, placed their two daughters, Eva, 6, and Liane, 3, in hiding with a Catholic family, the Jansens. In September 1942, nine month ...

  20. British Army bomb report cover acquired by a Jewish medical officer, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Elizabeth Lusthaus Strassburger family collection

    British Army bomb book 155 report cover received by Dr. Edmund Lusthaus when he served in the 2nd Polish Corps, a unit of the British Armed Forces during World War II. When Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, Lusthaus was drafted into the Polish Army. Seventeen days later, the Soviet army invaded from the east. Lusthaus was captured and taken to a camp for Polish prisoners of war in Novosibirsk, Siberia, where he served as a physician. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the Soviet government released the Polish POWs to join the fighting. Lusthaus joined the volunteer Po...