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Displaying items 301 to 320 of 5,229
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Language of Description: English

  1. Burlap purse with yarn flowers and monogram carried by a 10 year old Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Doriane Kurz collection

    Handcrafted burlap shoulder bag carried by 10 year old Doriane Kurz when she emigrated from Sweden to the United States in July 1946. Doriane and her family fled Vienna, Austria, in early 1939 after the annexation with Nazi Germany. They went to the Netherlands which was occupied by Germany in May 1940. Her father, Meilach, was deported to Auschwitz in August 1942. Doriane, her mother Klara, and her brother Alfred, age 7, were deported to Bergen Belsen in February 1944. The camp was evacuated in spring 1945 and the prisoners were liberated en route by the Soviet Army. The family returned to...

  2. For Our Small Ones! Handmade illustrated children's book created by an Austrian refugee

    1. Irene Rosenthal Gibian family collection

    Hand crafted children's book with hand drawn text and illustrations created by Irene Rosenthal. Irene fled Nazi ruled Austria for the United States in March 1940. German troops marched over the border into Austria in March 1938. The next day, Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. Anti-Jewish legislation was enacted to strip Jews of their civil rights. The November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom vandalized Jewish businesses and homes and destroyed most of the synagogues in Austria. Irene received a visa to leave Austria in March and sailed that month from Genoa, Italy, to New York.

  3. Small silver curtain ring worn as a wedding ring by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Helena and Lewis Victor Koves collection

    Small silver curtain ring worn as a wedding ring by 27 year old Helena Koves in London, England, where she married Victor Koves on December 30, 1938. Helena was living in Vienna when it was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938. Victor had already left Vienna and settled in London and they decided that Helena should join him. In the early 1940s, they left for Shanghai by way of Canada, but were able to obtain US visas in Canada and emigrated to New York.

  4. Blue cross armband worn by a Jewish Russian nurse caring for refugee children

    1. Menia Awret-Back collection

    Blue cross armband worn by Menia Awret-Back, while working as a nurse for Jewish refugee children during the war in Brussels. Belgium was occupied by Germany in May 1940. Restrictions were placed on Jews to exclude them from society. Jewish children and expectant mothers were not allowed to be treated in existing facilities. Menia, as a Jewish nurse, had to wear an armband with a blue cross in place of the usual red cross. Since 1938, Menia had worked for L'Ouevre Nationale de L'Enfance [National Children's Aid] and the Belgium Red Cross, which now established and staffed special treatment ...

  5. Adjustable cuff bracelet made from gold marks with pouch owned by German Jewish refugee

    1. Sophia Appel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43388
    • English
    • a: Height: 0.700 inches (1.778 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) b: Height: 6.375 inches (16.192 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Semicircular bracelet made from hammered gold marks with a jeweler's pouch brought by Sophie Appel to the United States when she fled Nazi Germany in September 1938. As Hitler consolidated power in Germany after 1933, the increasingly severe sanctions on Jews caused many to flee the country. In 1938, Sophia, her son, Ernst, and her mother, Emma, received visas for the United States with the help of her sister, Helene, and her husband, Bernard Bloch, who had lived there since the early 1900s. By September, they had all joined Helene's family in Oklahoma.

  6. 4711 glass perfume bottle carried by a Jewish refugee searching for her family

    1. Irena Urdang de Tour family collection

    Perfume bottle carried by Irena Ehrlich vel Sluszny when she walked from Berlin to Warsaw in 1945, in search of her family. Irena, her parents, Felicia and Seweryn, and younger sister, Danuta, were confined to the Warsaw ghetto in 1940. In March 1943, 19 year old Irena escaped to the Christian sector of Warsaw. April 1943 brought the Warsaw ghetto uprising and its violent suppression by the Germans, with mass deportations of all Jews in Warsaw and the annihilation of the ghetto. Her father, aged 39, was killed during the uprising. Her mother and 14 year old sister escaped and were hidden fo...

  7. Art Deco style lipstick case carried by a Jewish refugee while searching for her family

    1. Irena Urdang de Tour family collection

    Lipstick case carried by Irena Ehrlich vel Sluszny when she walked from Berlin to Warsaw in 1945, in search of her family. Irena, her parents, Felicia and Seweryn, and younger sister, Danuta, were confined to the Warsaw ghetto in 1940. In March 1943, 19 year old Irena escaped to the Christian sector of Warsaw. April 1943 brought the Warsaw ghetto uprising and its violent suppression by the Germans, with mass deportations of all Jews in Warsaw and the annihilation of the ghetto. Her father, aged 39, was killed during the uprising. Her mother and 14 year old sister escaped and were hidden for...

  8. Engraved silver perfume bottle carried postwar by a refugee searching for her family

    1. Irena Urdang de Tour family collection

    Perfume bottle engraved with Irena Ehrlich von Sluzny's initials, IE. She carried this with her when she walked from Berlin to Warsaw in 1945, in search of her family. Irena, her parents, Felicia and Seweryn, and younger sister, Danuta, were confined to the Warsaw ghetto in 1940. In March 1943, 19 year old Irena escaped to the Christian sector of Warsaw. April 1943 brought the Warsaw ghetto uprising and its violent suppression by the Germans, with mass deportations of all Jews in Warsaw and the annihilation of the ghetto. Her father, aged 39, was killed during the uprising. Her mother and 1...

  9. Blue and pink embroidered cloth case made by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ruth Mondschein Zimbler collection

    Embroidered cloth portfolio made by 10 year old Ruth Mondschein in the Netherlands after her parents sent her there on a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] from Austria on December 10, 1938. She used the portfolio to keep the letters she received from her parents, Hella and Markus. Her father was arrested on Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released on the condition that he leave the country. He arranged for Ruth and her 6 year old brother, Walter, to escape on the first Kindertransport to the Netherlands. The children later were sent to ...

  10. Wooden sandals with a canvas strap worn by a Mir Yeshiva refugee in Shanghai

    1. Judith Kranzler collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43116
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 4.625 inches (11.748 cm) | Depth: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) b: Height: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Width: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm) | Depth: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm)

    Wooden sandals worn by Lazar Horodetzky in Hongkew ghetto in Shanghai, China, from 1941-1945. Lazar was a member of Mir Yeshiva, a Jewish religious school which left Mir, Poland (Belarus) after the Soviet occupation in September 1939. They first moved to Vilna (Vilnius), Lithuania. When it was occupied by the Soviets in August 1940, they fled again, after obtaining Japanese transit visas from consul Chiune Sugihara. In spring 1941, they reached Japan, where they were declared stateless refugees and deported to Japanese occupied Shanghai. They settled in Hongkew and resumed their studies. Th...

  11. Photocopy of an autobiographical ink drawing of 5 refugee men with knapsacks crossing a guarded gangplank

    1. Peretz Chorshati collection

    Photocopy of a drawing from a series of 19 captioned, narrative illustrations created by Peretz Chorshati (born Pavel Szenwald) between 1994-1997 about his wartime experiences. It depicts Pavel and 4 men boarding a ship. In June 1946, Pavel boarded the Biria in Marseilles, France, as an illegal immigrant to Palestine. Pavel was an 18 year old student in Warsaw when the Germans invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. He was imprisoned in the Warsaw ghetto until his father got him forged papers and he escaped. He posed as a German national, and joined the German army. In March 1943, Pavel desert...

  12. Autobiographical ink wash drawing by a Polish refugee of 2 men reviewing a military uniform

    1. Peretz Chorshati collection

    Pen and wash drawing from a series of 19 captioned, narrative drawings created by Peretz Chorshati (born Pavel Szenwald) between 1994 and 1997 about his wartime experiences. It depicts Pavel and a Beitar member looking at a military uniform in October 1945 when Pavel deserted the Soviet Army and exchanged his uniform for a civilian identity. Pavel was an 18 year old student in Warsaw when the Germans invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. He was imprisoned in the Warsaw ghetto until his father got him forged papers and he escaped. He posed as a German national, and joined the German army. In ...

  13. Photocopy of an autobiographical ink drawing of 4 refugees peeling potatoes in a refugee camp

    1. Peretz Chorshati collection

    Photocopy of a drawing from a series of 19 captioned, narrative illustrations created by Peretz Chorshati (born Pavel Szenwald) between 1994-1997 about his wartime experiences. It depicts Pavel and 3 refugees peeling potatoes in a refugee camp in March 1946, in Germany prior to leaving for Palestine. Pavel was an 18 year old student in Warsaw when the Germans invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. He was imprisoned in the Warsaw ghetto until his father got him forged papers and he escaped. He posed as a German national, and joined the German army. In March 1943, Pavel deserted the German army...

  14. Correspondence regarding the activities of the War Refugee Board, 1943-1944

    1. O.91 - Mordechai Friedman Collection

    Correspondence regarding the activities of the War Refugee Board, 1943-1944 Correspondence, memos and reports regarding the activities of the War Refugee Board, 1944; Friedman's correspondence with John Pehle, the President of the War Refugees Committee.

  15. Dr. Abraham Silberschein Archive: Correspondence regarding relief for refugee children in Switzerland

    1. M.20 - Archive of Dr. Abraham Silberschein, Geneva: Documentation regarding relief to persecuted Jews, 1939-1951

    Dr. Abraham Silberschein Archive: Correspondence regarding relief for refugee children in Switzerland Also in the file: - Letter from an unknown female writer regarding treatment of refugee children in an orphanage in Ascona, 10 January 1944; - Various reports regarding orphanages for refugees in Switzerland and the number of refugee children; - Report submitted by L'Union Internationale De Secours Aux Enfants, 1942.

  16. Dr. Abraham Silberschein Archive: Correspondence with the International Refugee Organization (IRO) regarding help to the survivors

    1. M.20 - Archive of Dr. Abraham Silberschein, Geneva: Documentation regarding relief to persecuted Jews, 1939-1951

    Dr. Abraham Silberschein Archive: Correspondence with the International Refugee Organization (IRO) regarding help to the survivors Correspondence with the International Refugee Organization (IRO) regarding help to the survivors Also in the file: - Report from the International Committee for the Insurance of Employment for Academic Refugees regarding January-October 1944; - Report regarding Ukrainian refugees, 08 November 1944; - List of Latvian war criminals who found shelter in refugee camps in Germany; - Booklet regarding UNRRA and its goals, 1944; - Report submitted by Engineer Dr, Israe...

  17. M.17 - Documentation of the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund in Geneva, 1933-1940

    M.17 - Documentation of the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund in Geneva, 1933-1940 The collection contains correspondence of Joseph Thon and Theodor Grubner, representatives of the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund in Geneva. There are also personal letters from relatives of Jews in Poland to the Polish Jews in Geneva, reports regarding the situation of the Jews in Poland and lists of Jews from Poland.

  19. Hakoah Sports Club stickpin with a Star of David owned by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Pin from the Hakoah sports club that belonged to Tom T. Kovary, prior to emigration from Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his 20 year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by some Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They fought back and put their attackers in the hospital and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, wh...

  20. US Army Good Conduct lapel button awarded to a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Lapel button issued to Tom T. Kovary for service in the United States Army, from 1943-1946, during World War II. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where the...