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Displaying items 601 to 620 of 7,703
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  1. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 100000 mark, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 100 thousand marks [hundert tausend] mark, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was issued in 1923 by the German government during the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help family members escape Europe, but Erich lost nearl...

  2. Cobbler's hammer used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Cobbler's hammer used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released. Due to a bombing raid on...

  3. Cutting nippers used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Cutting nippers used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released. Due to a bombing raid on ...

  4. Steel pliers used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Steel pliers used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released. Due to a bombing raid on the...

  5. Leather creaser used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Leather creasing tool used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were released. Due to a bombing ra...

  6. Pink and black floral patterned chiffon dress owned by a Jewish refugee from Austria

    1. Isidor and Fanny Bieder collection

    Dress owned by Fanny Bieder who was forced to leave Vienna, Austria, with her husband, Isidor, and their two daughters, 14 year old Frieda and 10 year old Gertrude, in 1939. After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, anti-Jewish laws were passed and Jews were targeted for persecution. Germans raided the family’s apartment, taking most of their valuables, and a little later, Isidor’s business was confiscated. During the November Kristallnacht pogrom, Isidor was arrested and beaten. As a condition of Isidor’s release from prison, he agreed to leave Austria with his family....

  7. Woman’s white cloth tailored jacket owned by a Jewish refugee during her escape from Vienna

    1. Isidor and Fanny Bieder collection

    Jacket owned by Fanny Bieder who was forced to leave Vienna, Austria, with her husband, Isidor, and their two daughters, 14 year old Frieda and 10 year old Gertrude, in 1939. She acquired the jacket for her 1933 cruise to Italy and Palestine with her husband. After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, anti-Jewish laws were passed and Jews were targeted for persecution. Germans raided the family’s apartment, taking most of their valuables, and a little later, Isidor’s business was confiscated. During the November Kristallnacht pogrom, Isidor was arrested and beaten. As a ...

  8. Red leather purse with decorative lacing carried by a Jewish refugee during her escape from Vienna

    1. Isidor and Fanny Bieder collection

    Purse owned by Fanny Bieder who was forced to leave Vienna, Austria, with her husband, Isidor, and their two daughters, 14 year old Frieda and 10 year old Gertrude, in 1939. After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, anti-Jewish laws were passed and Jews were targeted for persecution. Germans raided the family’s apartment, taking most of their valuables, and a little later, Isidor’s business was confiscated. During the November Kristallnacht pogrom, Isidor was arrested and beaten. As a condition of Isidor’s release from prison, he agreed to leave Austria with his family....

  9. Leather wallet with 6 pockets used by a German Jewish refugee to hold wartime documents

    1. Erna and Herman Meyer collection

    Wallet used by Erna Landau to carry her documents during and after the war. Due to the escalating persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany, Erna's parents, Arthur and Bertha, decided to send Erna and her younger sister Ruth from Rhede to Great Britain in June 1938. The war ended in May 1945. Arthur and Bertha had been deported from Germany to Riga, Latvia, where they were murdered. In June1947, Erna and Ruth emigrated to the United States.

  10. Box and needles used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Box and needles used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to care for children and yo...

  11. Bag and supplies used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Bag and contents used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to care for children and y...

  12. Container used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Container used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to care for children and young wo...

  13. Pouch and medical instruments used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and postwar aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523813
    • English
    • 1938-1949
    • a: Height: 17.750 inches (45.085 cm) | Width: 12.500 inches (31.75 cm) b: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 5.625 inches (14.288 cm) c: Height: 5.635 inches (14.313 cm) | Width: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) d: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) e: Height: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Width: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) g: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) h: Height: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Width: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) i: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm)

    Medical kit and contents used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to care for childr...

  14. Needle packet used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Needle packet used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to care for children and youn...

  15. Box and needles used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Box and needles used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to care for children and yo...

  16. Blue AJDC pin worn by a former concentration camp inmate and refugee aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC) blue enamel pin worn by aid worker Hans Finke when he worked for relief organization after the end of World War II. He was at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945. An electrician by trade, he began working for the British and then various aid groups after it became a displaced persons camp. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. In February 1943, Hans, 23, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he ...

  17. Glass and silver keepsake box used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and postwar aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523782
    • English
    • 1938-1949
    • a: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Depth: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) b: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm)

    Small glass box with a silver lid box owned by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice and her family were German Jews living in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. In 1938, 18 year old Alice left for England to continue her nurse's training. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for the Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp to c...

  18. Monaural stethoscope used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    Monaural aluminum Pinard fetal stethoscope used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the Bergen Belsen displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for Bergen-Belsen DP camp to care for children and young women. Before the war, Alice lived with her parents in Berlin, Germany, through the rise of the Nazi dictatorship with its increasingly harsh anti-...

  19. Medical field sterilizer kit used by a German Jewish refugee nurse and postwar aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523800
    • English
    • 1938-1949
    • a: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Depth: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) b: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 7.625 inches (19.368 cm) | Depth: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 6.875 inches (17.463 cm) | Depth: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) d: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) e: Height: 4.625 inches (11.748 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) f: Height: 4.625 inches (11.748 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) g: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm)

    Medical field sterilizer kit with container and strainer tray, ethanol burner, instruments, a boxed set of 2 bottles of Lobelin used by Alice Redlich while she served as a nurse at the Bergen Belsen displaced persons camp established in the former concentration camp in Germany after the war. The British army liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, she left for Bergen-Belsen DP camp to care for children and young women. Before the war, Alice lived with her parents in Berlin,...

  20. AJDC bar patch worn by a former concentration camp inmate and refugee aid worker

    1. Alice and John Fink collection

    American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC) badge worn by aid worker Hans Finke when he worked for the relief organization after the end of World War II. He was at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945. An electrician by trade, he began working for the British and then various aid groups after it became a displaced persons camp. Hans, his parents and his sister Ursula lived in Berlin during the rise of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933 with its aggressive anti-Jewish policies. In February 1943, Hans, 23, was a forced laborer for Siemens when he was ho...