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Displaying items 341 to 360 of 7,647
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Item type: Archival Descriptions

  1. Partial card with 16 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Partial set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making child...

  2. Lace-trimmed Handkerchief with a cutwork floral accent owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Lace-trimmed handkerchief brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, Arthur and Pauline Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling children’s clothing. Pauline’s younger children, Fritz, Ella, Herta, and Hansi, were sent to a...

  3. Card with 48 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  4. Card with 48 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  5. Card with 24 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  6. Austrian 10,000 Kronen banknote owned by a Viennese Jewish refugee family

    1. Appenzeller and Dukes families collection

    Kronen banknote owned by the Appenzeller family in Vienna, Austria before their emigration in 1939. The kronen was the official currency of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1892 until its dissolution in 1918. The banknotes were printed on the front in Hungarian and in German on the reverse, and the value was written out in eight additional languages. After the breakup of Austria-Hungary, the banknotes remained in circulation among the various countries, but were overstamped for use in individual countries. This kronen is printed in German on both sides and has an overstamp that indicates th...

  7. Metric wooden ruler owned by a young Austrian Jewish refugee girl

    1. Appenzeller and Dukes families collection

    Metric, wooden ruler used by Erna Appenzeller in her Montessori school in Vienna, Austria, while in fourth grade. Erna was a young girl living with her parents in Austria, when the country was annexed by Germany on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. The school that Erna attended was shut down, members of the Jewish community were arrested, and her father’s business was taken and Arayanized. In August 1939, Erna’s parents acquired visas and were able to go to Milan, Italy. On June 10, 1940, Italy entered World War II as a German al...

  8. Handbill declaring a day of mourning for the sinking of the refugee ship Strumah

    1. Jewish experience in Eastern Europe and Palestine documents and ephemera collection

    Handbill issued by an unidentified synagogue in Jerusalem announcing a called strike and day of mourning in response to the sinking of the refugee ship, Strumah, in the Black Sea in 1942. The Strumah (Struma) was an illegal immigrant ship that left Constanta, Romania, on December 12, 1941 with 767 Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi-dominated Europe. The ship was headed for Istanbul where the passengers hoped to get visas to enter Palestine. The old cargo barge was unsafe and overcrowded. The engine died when it reached Istanbul and it had to be towed into port. Palestine was ruled by the British ...

  9. Identification case used by a German Jewish boy while on a refugee transport

    Slim, rectangular leather identification card case received by Fritz (later Fred) Strauss while part of a refugee transport of children from Germany between 1939 and 1941. In response to the 1935 Nuremberg Laws and growing anti-Semitism in their small town, Fritz’s mother sent him, in 1936, to Frankfurt to attend school at a large Jewish orphanage. Within three years, anti-Semitism in Frankfurt had grown, and on March 8, 1939, Fritz was sent on a transport to Paris, France, with ten other children. Fritz and the other Orthodox children moved to new towns multiple times in the area around Pa...

  10. Toolbox given to a Polish refugee in a DP camp vocational class

    1. Doba Drezner and Oscar Albert and Bernard and Herman Jezower collection

    Toolbox given to Oscar Albert during his vocational training in ORT school in the Schwandorf DP camp.

  11. Animal bone souvenir with an inscription acquired by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ullrich Remak collection

    Souvenir animal bone acquired by Ullrich Remak. It has an inscription “Souvenir from Birkenward Hostel, 14. II. 1942" where Ullrich stayed after being sent to Scotland from Germany on a Kinderstransport (Children's transport) in 1939.

  12. Monaural wooden stethoscope used by a Jewish German refugee and US Army medic

    1. Bruno Lambert collection

    Wooden Pinard fetal stethoscope (or fetoscope) used by Dr. Bruno Lambert, who immigrated to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1938, and served in the United States Army Medical Corps during the war. The Pinard stethoscope was designed in 1895, and is an efficient, low-cost way to hear babies’ heartbeats while in utero. Bruno attended medical school in Germany from 1932-1937, but he was not allowed to receive a diploma as a Jew under the Nazi regime. He transferred to a university in Switzerland, and earned a Doctorate of Medicine in July 1938. With the help of Margaret Bergmann, Bruno ...

  13. White tea towel with yellow stripes used by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    White and yellow tea towel brought by 10 year old Ellen Ruth Fass from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Nanette tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen and her brother Gerhard, 5, to be sent to England in summer 1939. Ellen lived in Edg...

  14. White tea towel with green stripes used by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    White and green tea towel brought by 10 year old Ellen Ruth Fass from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. Before Ellen left, her mother Nanette sewed a name tag into each of her belongings. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Nanette tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen a...

  15. Silver serving spoon with modern poliert pattern carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Silver serving spoon brought by 10 year old Ellen Ruth Fass from Berlin, Germany, to Edge, England, on a Kindertransport on July 25, 1939. The spoon has a design called modern poliert. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen and her brothe...

  16. Blue and green plaid belt for a school uniform worn by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Blue and green plaid cloth belt worn by Ellen Ruth Fass in school in England where she was sent there from Berlin, Germany, in July 1939. Ellen received the belt as part of her school uniform in Edge, England. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews were subject to increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen, 1...

  17. Certificate of Citizenship document case belonging to a German Jewish refugee couple

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    “Certificate of Citizenship” document case owned by Anita Lamm and Manfred Gans, German-Jewish refugees who became United States citizens in 1945 and 1955. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred’s father helped Anita and her parents immigrate to the United States, and Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien, arrested, and sent to an internment camp on the Isle of Man. Manfred later enlisted in the British Army, where he spent two years assigned to a labor unit before being recruite...

  18. British Army paratrooper's jacket worn in combat by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    British Airborne paratrooper's Denison jacket with a camouflage pattern worn by 22 year old Manfred Gans, a Jewish refugee from Germany, while serving as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The Denison smock was designed with an adjustable tail flap, and worn over standard battle dress to keep gear secured when a paratrooper deployed his parachute. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany and implemented anti-Jewish laws. In July 1938, Manfred went to England. On September 3, 1939, Great Britain declared war against Germany, and Manfred wa...

  19. Peach chemise with floral embroidery saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Embroidered silk chemise custom made for Anna Havas for her 1934 wedding to Bela Gondos. She took it with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary, to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and their 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport ...

  20. Peach chemise with black and white floral appliques saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Silk chemise with embroidered floral appliques custom made for Anna Havas for her 1934 wedding to Bela Gondos. She took it with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary, to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and their 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authoriti...