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Displaying items 281 to 300 of 7,647
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Item type: Archival Descriptions

  1. Child's drawing of 2 houses near the mountains by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Colored pencil drawing of two cottages in the mountains drawn by 12 year old Fritz Vendig when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Lo...

  2. Child’s drawing of train tracks approaching a tunnel by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Colored pencil drawing of a train going into a tunnel by Fritz Vendig, 12, when he was living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, and younger brother Heiner. In the mid-1930s, Ernst's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, they prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, the family, along with Ernst's mother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cuban authorities refused entry to nearly all passengers. Appeals were made to the...

  3. Child's drawing of a large ocean liner by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Fred Vendig family collection

    Drawing of a ship entering port done by Fritz Vendig, 12, while living as a refugee from Nazi Germany in Maur, Switzerland, with his parents, Ernst and Charlotte, younger brother Heiner, and paternal grandmother Pauline. In the mid-1930s, Fritz's father's business was taken from him when it was Aryanized, or cleansed of Jews. In November 1938, Ernst was arrested during Kristallnacht. After his release, the family prepared to leave. On May 13, 1939, Fritz, 7, his parents Ernst and Charlotte, his brother Heiner, 2, and his paternal grandmother Pauline, sailed for Cuba on the MS St. Louis. Cub...

  4. Commemorative FNDIRP button cover engraved 178284 acquired by a Jewish Polish refugee

    1. Frances and Julian Hirshfeld family collection

    Button cover with number 178284 given to Julian Hirshfeld when he was a displaced person in Paris, where he was sent after his liberation from Buchenwald by US troops on April 11, 1945. The pin was issued by the Federation Nationale des deportes Internes resistants Patriotes (FNDIRP) in April 1945 to honor the memory of Charles Oschkor, 178284 was his prisoner number. Oschkor was a former kapo of Blechhammer concentration camp who sacrificed himself to save other prisoners. Poland was occupied by Nazi Germany in September 1939. Julian, a Jewish textile engineer, was interned in Łódź Ghetto ...

  5. White cotton tablecloth with floral motifs saved by a by Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Maud Michal Beer family collection

    White linen tablecloth used by Shimon Beer's family in prewar Brno, Czechoslovakia. It was one of several tablecloths, (2012.342.6,7, 9-11), preserved by his aunt Bertl in Great Britain. Brno was annexed and occupied by Nazi Germany in March 1939. Shimon, 19, left in December 1939 for Palestine, where he joined the Jewish Brigade of the British Army. His parents, Julius and Hildegarde, were deported to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor, and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where they were murdered. His brother Pavel survived both camps.

  6. Square white tablecloth with floral motifs saved by a by Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Maud Michal Beer family collection

    White linen tablecloth used by Shimon Beer's family in prewar Brno, Czechoslovakia. It was one of several tablecloths, 2012.342.6-11, preserved by his aunt Bertl in Great Britain. Brno was annexed and occupied by Nazi Germany in March 1939. Shimon, 19, left in December 1939 for Palestine, where he joined the Jewish Brigade of the British Army. His parents, Julius and Hildegarde, were deported to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor, and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where they were murdered. His brother Pavel survived both camps.

  7. Square white cotton tablecloth saved by a by Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Maud Michal Beer family collection

    White linen tablecloth used by Shimon Beer's family in prewar Brno, Czechoslovakia. It was one of several tablecloths, (2012.342.6-9,11), preserved by his aunt Bertl in Great Britain. Brno was annexed and occupied by Nazi Germany in March 1939. Shimon, 19, left in December 1939 for Palestine, where he joined the Jewish Brigade of the British Army. His parents, Julius and Hildegarde, were deported to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor, and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where they were murdered. His brother Pavel survived both camps.

  8. Square white cotton tablecloth saved by a by Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Maud Michal Beer family collection

    White linen tablecloth used by Shimon Beer's family in prewar Brno, Czechoslovakia. It was one of several tablecloths, (2012.342.6-10), preserved by his aunt Bertl in Great Britain. Brno was annexed and occupied by Nazi Germany in March 1939. Shimon, 19, left in December 1939 for Palestine, where he joined the Jewish Brigade of the British Army. His parents, Julius and Hildegarde, were deported to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor, and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, where they were murdered. His brother Pavel survived both camps.

  9. Trunk brought to the United States by an Austrian-Jewish refugee

    Trunk brought to New York in January, 1940 by Bertha Lifschutz when she immigrated to the Untited States. Bertha's son Fred had come to the United States the previous year as part of the "50 children" transport led by Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus.

  10. Hand-carved wooden chain carried to Australia by a Jewish refugee

    Wooden chain carved by Hillel Szajner, of Plauen, Germany, before his death in 1924. Hillel taught one of his sons, Max, how to carve chains from a single piece of wood. While imprisoned in a French transit camp during the Holocaust, Max used this skill to make decorative chains, at least one of which began as a broomstick handle. Max’s wife snuck the chains out of the camp in a loaf of bread. Two of his chains are on permanent display in Israel, at Yad Vashem and Lochamei Hagetaot. Max’s sister, Dora Szajner Faktor, carried their father’s chain when her family immigrated to Australia durin...

  11. Leather tag stamped with the US seal containing a photograph owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    Small leather tag with a photograph presumably of her husband and son saved by Irene Schweizer, who fled Germany on a Kindertransport with her 6 year old son Hans in July 1939, joining her husband in England. When Hitler rose to power in Germany in 1933, Irene, Hans, and her husband Friedrich resided in Mannheim. Irene’s stepfather, Nathan Karlsruher, died that October and Irene’s mother and half-sister, Jella and Ruth Karlsruher, 11, moved in with them. In 1936, Friedrich was fired from his job as a bank manager because he was Jewish. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Friedrich wa...

  12. Tefillin pair and embroidered pouch brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn2965
    • English
    • a: Height: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) b: Height: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Width: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Depth: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Depth: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm)

    Set of tefillin and embroided storage pouch brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the tefillin, pouch, and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in August 1...

  13. White wool tallit with black stripes brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    White wool tallit with black stripes brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left from Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the tallit, or prayer shawl, and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in Au...

  14. White silk tallit with black stripes brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    White silk tallit with black stripes brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the tallit, or prayer shawl, and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in August ...

  15. Pink cloth Torah scroll cover saved by a refugee from Nazi Germany

    1. Freddy Rotenberg collection

    Torah scroll cover made to slide over and protect a closed scroll that was received by Freddy Rotenberg from his parents for his Bar Mitzvah in 1934 Germany.

  16. 13 dental hand tools in a fitted wooden box used by a Croatian Jewish refugee

    1. Ferdinand Stift family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn88936
    • English
    • 1911-1945
    • a: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Width: 7.625 inches (19.368 cm) | Depth: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) b: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) c: Height: 5.125 inches (13.017 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) d: Height: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) e: Height: 5.125 inches (13.017 cm) | Width: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) f: Height: 6.375 inches (16.192 cm) | Width: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) g: Height: 6.625 inches (16.827 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) h: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) i: Height: 6.125 inches (15.557 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) j: Height: 5.125 inches (13.017 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) k: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) l: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) m: Height: 4.875 inches (12.383 cm) | Width: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) n: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm)

    Set of 13 dental hand tools in a small wooden storage case used by Dr. Ferdinand Stift and brought with him when he and his family fled from Zagreb, Croatia, to Asti, Italy, in December 1941. The tools include scalpels, excavators, chisels, descalers, and hatchets. In April 1941, the Axis powers invaded and partitioned Yugoslavia. Zagreb was located in the Independent State of Croatia, which was controlled by the pro-Nazi Ustasa regime. One of Ferdinand’s patients, Archbishop Aloysius Viktor Stepinac, knew about upcoming actions against the Jews and told Ferdinand to flee with his wife, Ter...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institution...

  18. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutio...

  19. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutio...

  20. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee and activist

    1. Emanuel Scherer collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, and acquired post-war by Emanuel Scherer, a Jewish refugee and activist from Krakow, Poland. In Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp, and had no real monetary value. As a law student at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Emanuel joined the Jewish Labor Bund. It was a social-democratic organization devoted to strengthening Yiddish culture and socialist values through their network of schools and cultural and fraternal institutio...