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Displaying items 221 to 240 of 7,647
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Item type: Archival Descriptions

  1. Black plastic dust comb owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Hanni Sondheimer Vogelweid family collection

    Lice comb kept by 17 year old Hanni Sondheimer when she and her family fled in February 1941. The comb was made at the plastics factory owned by her father in Kaunas. Hanni, her parents, Moritz and Setty, and her 14 year old brother, Karl, fled Kaunas, Lithuania, due to the Soviet occupation in 1940. They planned to emigrate to the United States, but visa restrictions made them take a difficult route through Russia to Japan. Classified as stateless refugees when they reached Japan in March 1941, they were deported to Shanghai where they survived the war in the Hongkew ghetto. Hanni married ...

  2. Beige patch embroidered with Czechoslovakia owned by a Jewish refugee

    1. Ruth Rappaport collection

    Cloth badge embroidered with Czechoslovakia acquired by Ruth Rappaport, possibly when she worked as a foreign correspondent in Israel from 1948-1950. On November 8, 1938, one night before the Kristallnacht pogrom, Ruth’s non-Jewish neighbors in Leipzig, Germany, warned her parents, Mendel and Helene, not to leave their house the following day. Sixteen year old Ruth went out and witnessed the burning of her synagogue and other brutal acts against the Jewish population. Ruth and her parents soon left for Switzerland. After a few months, Mendel and Helene decided to return to Leipzig, but Ruth...

  3. Black and gray checked blanket given to Kindertransport refugee

    Wool checked travel blanket given to 13 year old Mimi Alice Schleissner by her mother Berta to keep her warm when she left on the Kindertransport in May 1939. Mimi's parents Berta and Julius and her brother Edi, 18, stayed behind in Kolin, Czechoslovakia. Until October 1938, the family resided in the spa town Marienbad [now Marianske Lazne], in the Sudetenland region. It was annexed by Nazi Germany in October 1938 and most of the Jewish population fled. In November, the Marienbader Zeitung ran the headline "Marienbad is Jew-free." After arriving in Great Britain, Mimi joined Hachshara, a Zi...

  4. Red leather portfolio used by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Red leather notebook that belonged to Tom (Tibor) Kovary. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where they obtained visas for the US, arriving in New...

  5. Weimar Germany, 100 mark note, saved by German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Werner Lenneberg collection

    Weimar Germany 100 mark banknote saved by Carl Werner Lenneberg. This currency was issued by the new democratic government that ruled Germany after World War I (1914-1918), just as they entered a period of hyperinflation that threatened the stability of the county. During the war, Lenneberg was a soldier in the 8th (Rhenish) Foot Artillery Battalion, XVI Army Corps, German Army. In January 1933, Hitler and the Nazi regime took power. Anti-Jewish policies put increasingly harsh restrictions on Jewish life. Werner and his brother Georg were arrested during Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, ...

  6. Remscheid 500 million mark note, saved by German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Werner Lenneberg collection

    Remscheid District, Germany 500 million mark note saved by Carl Werner Lenneberg. This note was emergency currency, valid for one year, 1923-1924, issued by the local government in Remscheid during the period of hyperinflation that threatened the stability of the country. Inflation was unstoppable: in 1919, there were 47 marks to a dollar; in 1922, it went from 1000 to 7000; in 1923, from 17,000 to 4,200,000,000,000. Lenneberg was a decorated World War I veteran originally from Remscheid. In January 1933, Hitler and the Nazi regime took power. Anti-Jewish policies put increasingly harsh res...

  7. Light brown leather billfold used by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Light brown leather wallet owned by Lew Minuskin. Lew lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), which was occupied by the Soviet Union in September 1939. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and occupied Zhetel. Frmo 1941-1942, Lalb was assigned to a forced labor battalion that assisted the Soviet Army. From 1942-1945, he had sent to From 1942-1945, he was sent to live in Kokand Fergana in eastern Uzbekistan, a border region of the Soviet Union, where he worked as a mechanic. When the war ended on May 9, 1945, Lajb traveled to Munich, Germany, where he lived in ...

  8. Nekvasil portable chess set used by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Salomon and Berg families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn525821
    • English
    • a: Height: 10.125 inches (25.718 cm) | Width: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) b: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Diameter: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) d: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) e: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) f: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) g: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) h: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) i: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) j: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) k: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) l: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) m: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) n: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) o: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) p: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) q: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) r: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) s: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) t: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) u: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) v: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) w: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) x: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) y: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) z: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) aa: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ab: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ac: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ad: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ae: Height: 2.325 inches (5.905 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) af: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

    Nekvasil portable chess set brought to the United States from Vienna by Alfred Berg, an Austrian Jewish refugee, in 1939. Nekvasil was a game and toy manufacturer in the Ottakring District of Vienna that was known primarily for making chess sets. Alfred was a teenage boy living in Vienna with his parents and younger sister Charlotte when Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Alfred was targeted by bullies because of his Jewish heritage and on November 9-10 during the Kristallnacht pogrom, h...

  9. Tremolo style Opera harmonica owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Salomon and Berg families collection

    Opera brand harmonica acquired by Alfred Berg as a child in Vienna, Austria before his emigration in 1939. The harmonica was made by the Max Spranger Company based in Brunndöbra, Germany. Alfred was a teenage boy living in Vienna with his parents and younger sister Charlotte when Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Alfred was targeted by bullies because of his Jewish heritage and on November 9-10 during the Kristallnacht pogrom, his father was arrested and later released by local police. ...

  10. Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  11. Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  12. Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  13. Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  14. Boy Scout Merit badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  15. Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  16. Boy Scout badge issued to Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Eric Bergtraun collection

  17. Pocket knife with leather case carried by a Jewish refugee

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn7119
    • English
    • 1910-1938
    • a: Height: 3.620 inches (9.195 cm) | Width: 0.870 inches (2.21 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) b: Height: 4.880 inches (12.395 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Folding knife and case that belonged to Isaac Ossowski, a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin who left Germany because of the targeted persecution of Jews by the Nazi government. Rabbi Ossowski was a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin. He was head shochet [ritual slaughterer], mohel [practioner of ritual circumcision], sofer [scribe], and hazan [cantor or musical prayer leader] at the Alte Shul [Old Synagogue]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, increasingly severe sanctions were enacted against Jews. The Ossowski family was repeatedly questioned b...

  18. Glass thermometer with cardboard case taken with Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50296
    • English
    • 1935
    • a: Height: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) | Width: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) b: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)

    Thermometer and case brought by Viktor Stummer to Shanghai, China, when he fled there from Vienna, Austria, circa December 1938, following his release from Dachau concentration camp. He was imprisoned during Kristallnacht that November 9-10 and released after his sister secured him a ticket to Shanghai. He lived in the Hongkew ghetto and worked as a welder. Shanghai was liberated by the US Army on September 3, 1945. In 1949, Viktor emigrated to Canada and the next year he moved to the US where he married a fellow Shanghai refugee, Gerda Harpuder. They met in Hongkew in 1941 when Gerda asked...

  19. Painted tin container base owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Tin container, missing the lid, that belonged to Ralph (Ralf) Harpuder who fled Germany in 1939 for Shanghai, China. A ring traveller was a device used with textile spinning looms. Four year old Ralf, his parents, Hans and Gerda, and his 14 year old sister, Ursula, left Berlin following Kristallnacht on November 9-10, 1938. They went to Shanghai because it was an open port with no visa required and arrived in March 1939. Shanghai was controlled by the Japanese military and as the war intensified, they were relocated to the Hongkew ghetto. Food and supplies became extremely difficult to obta...

  20. Engraved wooden Havana cigar box acquired by Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ralph Harpuder family collection

    Wooden cigar box acquired by Viktor Stummer in Shanghai, China. He fled there from Vienna, Austria, circa December 1938, following his release from Dachau concentration camp. He was imprisoned during Kristallnacht that November 9-10 and released after his sister secured him a ticket to Shanghai. He lived in the Hongkew ghetto and worked as a welder. Shanghai was liberated by the US Army on September 3, 1945. In 1949, Viktor emigrated to Canada and the next year he moved to the US where he married a fellow Shanghai refugee, Gerda Harpuder. They met in Hongkew in 1941 when Gerda asked Viktor ...