• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn34056
• English
• 1939-1948
• box 1
• Updated 1 year ago

The collection contains correspondence documenting the Berkowicz family’s experiences during the Holocaust. Included is correspondence to Bina Tac Berkowicz after her immigration to the United States from her sister Faiga Tac Bursztyn in the Warsaw ghetto; letters from family members in Slonim, Belarus; correspondence from Bernard Berkowicz’s brothers who were refugees in New Zealand; and letters enquiring about the whereabouts of various family members. Also included is the passenger list of the M.S. Piłsudski, the ship Bina, Bernard, and their daughter Barbara sailed on from Poland to the...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn504152
• English
• folder 1
• Updated 1 year ago

Describes the experiences of Bertha Geminder Brotfeld (Bertl Glotzer Geminder Brotfeld, b. 1912) and her two children, George and Robert Geminder, before the Nazi occupation of Poland; during an Aktion at a cemetery; their stay in the ghetto in Stanislawów, Poland (now Ivano-Frankivsḱ, Ukraine); their experiences during the Warsaw Uprising; their eventual liberation; and their travel to the American Zone in Germany. Bertha later immigrated to the United States.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn634763
• English
• 1945-1947
• folders book enclosure 3 1
• Updated 1 year ago

The Bianca Perlmutter papers include two journals, a postcard, and a national registration identification card relating to Bianca Perlmutter wartime experiences in Poland and her postwar life in England. The journals, written by Bianca from 1945-1946, include entries and poems recounting her experiences in the Warsaw ghetto, hiding in a convent, in a DP camp in Niederlangen, and her postwar life in England. The collection also includes a postcard from Stanislav Popowski, a non-Jewish neighbor who saved Bianca by hiding her in a convent.

1. Casimir Biebers collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn510968
• English
• folder 1
• Updated 1 year ago

The collection consists of three wartime photographs depicting the Bieberstein family, including Kazimierz Bieberstein (later Casimir Biebers), his brother Tadeusz Bieberstein, and his mother Irena Bieberstein. The photographs were taken around the time the family was forced into the Warsaw ghetto and were intended for false identification papers that would enable the family to leave Poland, but the images were never used for that purpose.

1. Ina Felczer collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn34288
• English
• 1939-1945
• overall: Height: 9.000 inches (22.86 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Felt doll carried by 10-year-old Ina Felczer on a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] to Leeds, England, in late June 1939. Before the war, Ina lived with her parents, Victor and Hannah, in Berlin, Germany. Both were Polish Jews who had lived in Berlin since the 1920s. Victor was a chemist, and Hannah co-owned a dressmaking shop. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, and authorities throughout Germany quickly began suppressing the rights of Jews and boycotting their businesses. In the late 1930’s, Victor lost his job, and Hannah’s shop was destroyed by th...

1. Mort Horvitz collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn522932
• English
• 1944
• overall: | Width: 6.180 inches (15.697 cm) | Depth: 0.200 inches (0.508 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Publication of the American Council of Warsaw Jews and American Friends of Polish Jews.

1. Stefan Petri collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn6794
• English
• overall: Height: 10.875 inches (27.623 cm) | Width: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) | Depth: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Engine component placed on a workbench that concealed one of the hiding places Stefan Petri built in his home in Wawer, Poland. Stefan, his wife, Janina, and their son, Marian, were Polish Catholics. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and began subjugating the Polish people. Uncertain of what might occur, Stefan built a basement hiding place concealed by a cabinet. In mid-1942, the Germans deported 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka killing center. Stefan learned that his Jewish dentist and friend, Dr. Szapiro, his wife Ela, and their adult sons, Jerzy and Marek had ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn3513
• English
• overall: Height: 15.000 inches (38.1 cm) | Width: 209.500 inches (532.13 cm) | Depth: 44.000 inches (111.76 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Brick rubble from the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto. The rubble was excavated from the site of what is now the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes, located among the ruins of the former Crown Artillery Barracks. The Barracks housed the ghetto post office, and at one point was the seat of the Judenrat. The monument was commemorated on April 19, 1948, and was the second monument, following a modest memorial unveiled in April 1946. On October 12, 1940, German authorities in Warsaw decreed the establishment of a 1.3-square-mile Jewish ghetto and forced over 400,000 Jews from the city and nearby towns to...

1. Halina Olomucki collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1187
• English
• 1945
• overall: Height: 15.875 inches (40.323 cm) | Width: 13.625 inches (34.608 cm) pictorial area: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Colored drawing of a bunk crowded with ill and despairing women created by Halina Olszewski (later Olomucki) in Warsaw in 1945, just after the war. It is based upon her experiences as an inmate of the notorious Block 10 in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp from July 1943 to January 1945. Nazi Germany occupied Poland in September 1939, and, in fall 1940, Halina, her mother Margarit-Hadassa, and siblings were relocated to the ghetto. Halina did forced labor, but she felt her real job was to record the misery and suffering of ghetto residents. Halina smuggled many drawings to a non-Jewish ...

1. Stefan Petri collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn6824
• English
• overall: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Wooden bison toy placed on a workbench that concealed one of the hiding places Stefan Petri built in his home in Wawer, Poland. Stefan, his wife, Janina, and their son, Marian, were Polish Catholics. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and began subjugating the Polish people. Uncertain of what might occur, Stefan built a basement hiding place concealed by a cabinet. In mid-1942, the Germans deported 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka killing center. Stefan learned that his Jewish dentist and friend, Dr. Szapiro, his wife Ela, and their adult sons, Jerzy and Marek had ...

1. Edward Lawrence Associates castings collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn14209
• English
• a: Height: 103.000 inches (261.62 cm) | Width: 137.000 inches (347.98 cm) | Depth: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) b: Height: 101.750 inches (258.445 cm) | Width: 184.000 inches (467.36 cm) | Depth: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) c: Height: 100.250 inches (254.635 cm) | Width: 119.000 inches (302.26 cm) | Depth: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Fiberglass casting of a segment of the brick wall surrounding the Warsaw ghetto, from the area at 51 Sienna Street, commissioned by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum for installation in the museum’s permanent exhibition. The casting was taken from one of three remaining sections of the ghetto wall, which the Jewish community was forced to pay for and was built in 1940, by the German firm of Schmidt & Munstermann. Prior to the war, Warsaw was a major center of Jewish life and culture, with a Jewish population over 350,000, making it the largest Jewish community in Europe. On Se...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn37911
• English
• 1935-1942
• 3 volumes,
• Updated 1 year ago

The Chaim Kaplan diary consists, in its entirety, of a diary that Kaplan maintained in Hebrew, from 1933 to 1942. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum obtained three original volumes of this diary in 2009, consisting of: Book 3, dating from April 4, 1935 to August 4, 1936 (pages 1-390); Book 7, consisting of entries from August 30, 1939 to December 23, 1939 (pages 53-280); and other fragments, dating from May 7, 1942 to July 2, 1942, paginated from 230-309. While earlier entries focus on personal matters and events, Kaplan made a conscious choice to chronicle Jewish life and external...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn503309
• English
• 1940-1985
• folders 3
• Updated 1 year ago

Includes articles, essays, and publications concerning the Piotrków Trybunalski Jewish community in Canada, the Jewish Fighting Organization, and the plight of children in the ghettos and camps. Also included is “Remnants: Memoirs of a Survivor,” a testimony of Holocaust survival by Charles Kotkowsky. The testimony describes Kotkowsky’s life in the Piotrków ghetto, his participation in an underground resistance movement, his imprisonment in two concentration camps, and his escape from a railroad transport.

1. Dr. Henry Kupfer family collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn634490
• English
• 1939-1945
• overall: Height: 26.500 inches (67.31 cm) | Width: 15.500 inches (39.37 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Child's winter coat purchased by Dr. Chil Kupferblum (later Henry Kupfer), for his daughter, Tamara, while serving in the Soviet Army as a surgeon during World War II (1939-1945). In 1935, Chil received his M.D. from Karlova University in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic). He married Lora Shapira, and in 1938, their daughter Tamara was born. Chil’s sister, Fela, married chemist Antek Kupferblum (later Anthony Kuper), and they later settled in Warsaw. His other sister, Gertrude, married his friend, Dr. Simon Russi, and the couple immigrated to the United States. Chil was an attendi...

1. Dr. Henry Kupfer family collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn634491
• English
• 1939-1945
• overall: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Diameter: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Child's winter hat purchased by Dr. Chil Kupferblum (later Henry Kupfer), for his daughter, Tamara Kupferblum, while serving in the Soviet Army as a surgeon during World War II (1939-1945). In 1935, Chil received his M.D. from Karlova University in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic). He married Lora Shapira, and in 1938, their daughter Tamara was born. Chil’s sister, Fela, married chemist Antek Kupferblum (later Anthony Kuper), and they later settled in Warsaw. His other sister, Gertrude, married his friend, Dr. Simon Russi, and the couple immigrated to the United States. Chil was ...

1. Stefan Petri collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn6820
• English
• overall: Height: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) | Width: 6.375 inches (16.192 cm) | Depth: 7.125 inches (18.098 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Corroded metal clamp placed on a workbench that concealed one of the hiding places Stefan Petri built in his home in Wawer, Poland. Stefan, his wife, Janina, and their son, Marian, were Polish Catholics. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and began subjugating the Polish people. Uncertain of what might occur, Stefan built a basement hiding place concealed by a cabinet. In mid-1942, the Germans deported 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka killing center. Stefan learned that his Jewish dentist and friend, Dr. Szapiro, his wife Ela, and their adult sons, Jerzy and Marek ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn3514
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Cobblestones removed from Chłodna Street in Warsaw, Poland. The street was an important east-west thoroughfare in the city of Warsaw. On October 12, 1940, German authorities in Warsaw decreed the establishment of a 1.3-square-mile Jewish ghetto, and required over 400,000 Jews from the city and nearby towns to relocate inside the 10-foot-high wall that bounded it. An approximately 650-foot-long portion of Chłodna Street was contained within the ghetto until December 1941. Afterward, it became an Aryan-only street that divided the ghetto into two sections, with the relatively elite and intell...

1. Stefan Petri collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn6793
• English
• overall: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Coiled lead wire placed on a workbench that concealed one of the hiding places Stefan Petri built in his home in Wawer, Poland. Stefan, his wife, Janina, and their son, Marian, were Polish Catholics. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and began subjugating the Polish people. Uncertain of what might occur, Stefan built a basement hiding place concealed by a cabinet. In mid-1942, the Germans deported 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka killing center. Stefan learned that his Jewish dentist and friend, Dr. Szapiro, his wife Ela, and their adult sons, Jerzy and Marek had ...

1. Stefan Petri collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn6831
• English
• a: Height: 42.500 inches (107.95 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) b: Height: 57.000 inches (144.78 cm) | Diameter: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)
• Updated 1 year ago

Two coiled electrical conduits placed under a workbench that concealed one of the hiding places Stefan Petri built in his home in Wawer, Poland.family. Stefan, his wife, Janina, and their son, Marian, were Polish Catholics. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and began subjugating the Polish people. Uncertain of what might occur, Stefan built a basement hiding place concealed by a cabinet. In mid-1942, the Germans deported 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka killing center. Stefan learned that his Jewish dentist and friend, Dr. Szapiro, his wife Ela, and their adult so...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn754384
• English
• 1937-1943
• folders 6
• Updated 1 year ago

The Cytrynowski family correspondence collection consists of letters, postcards, and Red Cross messages to Nathan Citri from Yechiel, Genia, and Miriam Cytrynowski in Łódź, Poland and later in the Warsaw ghetto.The correspondents describe their lives, their preparations to move to Palestine, and their disappointment after plans fall through.