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Displaying items 161 to 180 of 14,588
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Language of Description: English

  1. Westerweel Groep

    • Westerweel Group

    The Westerweel group provided protection to Jewish children and young adults at the assorted hakhsharah institutions. Joop Westerweel organized underground training for the children of the Youth Aliyah in the Loosdrechtse Rade. There he met Joachim Simons, who warned him about the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps. The resistance group associated with the Westerweels arranged places to hide for a great many young adults. Small groups fled to Spain and Switzerland via Belgium and France. At least 60 young adults reached Spain.

  2. Secours National

    Founded in 1914-08

    The Secours National, a war relief organization, had been founded in 1914-08 as a kind of 'Union Sacrée' of charitable endeavors, centralizing and coordinating war relief until 1918. Revived in 1939-10, it took on the same tasks during the new conflict.

  3. Mouvement National Hebreu

    • Hebrew National Movement in France
    • MNH

  4. Rexist Movement

    • Rex

    The Rexist Movement was a 'New Order' party, a political party that wanted to establish an authoritarian state resembling foreign models.

  5. Országos Zsidó Segítő Bizottság

    • National Jewish Aid Committee
    • OZSSB

    Founded in 1945-08-31

    The Országos Zsidó Segítő Bizottság was established on 1945-8-31. The organization integrated a number of independent groups, often operating at cross-purposes. The Joint, which provided the largest funds, recognized the new organization as the executive arm of the relief effort, i.e., it authorized the Committee to utilize available funds and organize the rehabilitation of as many individuals and Jewish communities as possible. As of August 31, the independent organization, the Deportáltakat Gondozó Országos Bizottság (the National Committee of Hungarian Jews for Attending Deportees) was a...

  6. Einsatzkommando Tilsit

    • EK Tilsit

    1941/1945

    Einsatzkommando Tilsit, headed by Hans Joachim Boehme, was stationed between 1941 and 1945 mostly in Lithuania and the Zhitomir region in Ukraine. The unit was under the command of Einsatzgruppe A.

  7. Einsatzkommando 1b

    • EK 1b

    Founded in 1942

    Einsatzkommando 1b was a wewly formed, respectively unmanned Kommando of Einsatzgruppe A.

  8. Reichswirtschaftministerium

    1919-09/1920-03

    After the unification of the Reichsernährungsministerium and the Reichswirtschaftsministerium in 1920-03, the Reichsministerium für Ernährung und landwirtschaft was established.

  9. Eichmann Trial

    After the Second World War, Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann fled from Austria and made his way to Argentina where he lived under the name Ricardo Klement. In 1960-05, Israeli Security Service agents seized Eichmann in Argentina and took him to Jerusalem for trial in an Israeli court. Eichmann testified from a bulletproof glass booth. The Eichmann trial aroused international interest, bringing Nazi atrocities to the forefront of world news. The charges against Eichmann were numerous. After the Wannsee Conference (1942-01), Eichmann coordinated deportations of Jews from Germany and elsewhere...

  10. Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront

    • SHF

    1933-10-01/1935

    The Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront, founded in 1933-10-01 by Konrad Henlein, was closer to the conservative, völkisch tradition than to the radical racism of National Socialism. In the spring of 1935 Henlein renamed it the Sudetendeutsche Partei.

  11. Totul Pentru Tara

    • Everything for the Fatherland

    Founded in 1934

    Corneliu Zelea Codreanu transformed the pro-Nazi Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihail into a viable political party that garnered almost 16 percent of the popular vote in 1937 elections as part of the rightist coalition with Totul Pentru Tara. Carol II responded to this rightist threat by outlawing the Garda de Fier and executing Codreanu and other leaders of Garda de Fier.

  12. Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürgers Jüdischen Glaubens

    • Central Union of German Citizens of Jewish Belief
    • CV

    1893/1938

    The Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürgers Jüdischen Glaubens was dedicated to protecting the civil and social rights of Jews in Germany, while at the same time, cultivating their German identity. The Centralverein, active from 1893/1938, was originally established in response to the rise of political anti-Semitism. Part of the union’s platform was to view Jews as a religious group. When the Nazi party rose to national power in 1933, the union opened a legal office to fight for Jewish rights, and initiated an information campaign, which at first tried to calm German Jews. After the anti-Jewi...

  13. Organisation Spéciale

    • OS

    Founded in 1940

    The Organisation Spéciale was formed in 1940 to protect communist leaders.

  14. He-khaluts Ha-lokhem

    • Khaluts Youth Combat Organization

    Founded in 1942

    In Krakow, in mid-1942, a coalition was formed known as He-khaluts Ha-lokhem. He-khaluts Ha-lokhem was a small group of about 100 people, which limited their scope for action. It also organized actions outside the ghetto walls, primarily in hit and run attacks. The best-known action of the Krakow organization was throwing grenades into the German café Cyganeria on 1942-12-22, killing more than a dozen people. After that attack, many members were arrested and killed; most of the rest died during the final liquidation of the ghetto in 1943-03.

  15. Schutzstaffel

    • Black Shirts
    • SS
    • SS - Schutzstaffel

    Founded in 1925

    The Schutzstaffel was a small detachment was formed in 1925 to provide security for Hitler. Beginning in 1929, under the tutelage of Heinrich Himmler, the SS was enlarged and became an independent entity (1944-07) within the Nazi Party. In 1934, it effectively eliminated its rival, the SA, during the Night of the Long Knives. The SS was composed of the Gestapo, Kriminalpolizei, Waffen-SS,and Totenkopfverbaende. All police agencies were brought under the control of the SS in 1936. The Nuremberg Tribunal declared the SS to be a criminal organization for the ‘persecution and extermination of J...

  16. Nachtigall

    Nachtigall was a volunteer Bulgarian battalion.

  17. Krajowa Rada Narodowa

    • National Council for the Homeland in Poland
    • KRN

    Led by Party Secretary Władysław Gomułka, the Polska Partia Robotnicza organized a committee called the Krajowa Rada Narodowa, to prepare for the establishment of a future Communist state. In view of the widespread anti-Soviet sentiment in Poland, KRN made a point of emphasizing its alleged independence from Moscow. Meeting for the first time on 1943-12-31, the committee promised to establish a provisional government at a suitable moment in the future, nationalize industry, and expropriate the large landed estates.

  18. Tsentralny shtab partizanskogo dvizheniya

    • Central Staff for the Partisan Movement
    • TsShPD

    1942-05-30/1944-01-13

    Tsentralny shtab partizanskogo dvizheniya, the organizing center of military operations under the leadership of the partisan movement in German-occupied areas of the USSR, was created under the staff of the Supreme High Command on 1942-05-30.

  20. Sonderkommando Arajs

    • Arajs Sonderkommando

    Founded in 1941-07-02

    Viktors Arajs, head of the Sonderkommando Arajs, recruited about three hundred men from the Latvian police and military. Under German supervision, they proceeded to shoot Jews at killing pits in the Bikernieki Forest. Between 1941-07 and 1941-09 Arajs's Latvian killers accumulated a body count of about four thousand Jews and a thousand Communists.