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Displaying items 141 to 160 of 14,588
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Language of Description: English

  1. Chetnik movement

    • Chetniks

    The Chetnik movement was founded on the ideology of an expansionist Serbia, a common state for the Serbian people. From the establishment of the Yugoslav state in 1918-12 until its destruction in 1941-04, the Chetnik organizations were pillars of expansionist Serbian elements within the top ranks of the government.

  2. Association Consistoriale Israelite de Paris

    • Paris Israelite Consistorial Association
    • ACIP

    Official organ of the Jewish community. The Association Consistoriale Israelite de Paris was a long-standing organization run by French Israelites: under its authority were not only the synagogues, but also a Welfare Committee located on Rue Rodier. The mass exodus from Paris under the German onslaught in 1940-05 and 1940-06 had left the association disorganized, and it was only in the fall of the same year that it had resumed its activities.

  3. Einsatzgruppe L

    Founded in 1941-06

    In 1941-06, before the attack on the Soviet Union, Einsatzgruppe K and L were active during the offensive in the Ardennen.

  4. Hilfsverein für jüdische Flüchtlinge im Ausland

    The Hilfsverein für jüdische Flüchtlinge im Shanghai was founded by Recha Sternbuch and her husband, Isaac, in 1941, with the objective of assisting rabbinical students who had fled to the Far East. It soon expanded its activities to include the provision of passports to non-religious Jews from many European countries and changed its name to Hilfsverein für jüdische Flüchtlinge im Ausland.

  5. Einsatzkommando 1/II

    • 1/II

    Einsatzkommando 1/II, Einsatzkommando 1 of Einsatzgruppe II, participated during the invasion of Poland in 1939-09. During the invasion of the Soviet Union the Einsatzgruppen were not labeled with the number I, II, III, IV or V but with the character A, B, C or D.

  6. Association des Rabbins de Français

    • ARF

    After the French revolution in 1789, the Jewish society in France was disintegrated. The establishment of the Association des Rabbins de Français played a significant role in the creation of a common consciousness of all Jews in France.

  7. Infantery Regiment

    An infantery division consists out of several infantery regiments, and these regiments consist out of several battalions.

  8. Sonderkommando 10a

    1942/1943

    Special SS units of the Einsatzgruppe D.

  9. Commissariat Général aux Questions Juives

    • General Commission on Jewish Affairs
    • CGQJ

    Founded in 1941-03-29

    The establishment of a junior ministerial post for Jewish affairs was influenced by the problem of the ‘aryanization’ of Jewish business. The establishment of the Commissariat Général aux Questions Juives indicated that Vichy was treating the Jewish Question with all the seriousness with which the Germans appeared to endow the question; furthermore Vichy was committing itself to a constant control of the question. On 1943-05-28 the CGQJ formally handed its network of institution over to the Union Générale des Israélites de France.

  10. Magyar Országos Véderő Egyesület

    • Hungarian National Defense Association
    • MOVE

    Founded in 1919-01-19

    Magyar Országos Véderő Egyesület was a racist and anti-Semitic organization.

  11. Vugesta - Verwaltungsstelle für jüdisches Umzugsgut der Geheimen Staatspolizei

    • Gestapo Office for the Disposal of the Property of Jewish Emigrants
    • Vugesta

    1940/1945

    From the time it was set up in early autumn 1940 until the end of the war, Vugesta 'disposed' of the property of 5,000 to 6,000 and the furniture of at least 10,000 Jewish families who emigrated or were deported.

  12. Arbeiter Ring

    • Workmen’s Circle

    The Arbeiter Ring was a fraternal order with socialist ideas and programs that were dedicated to the promotion of progressive Yiddish culture.

  13. Einsatzgruppe II

    • EG II

    When Hitler invaded Poland in 1939-09, a special Einsatzgruppe was attached to each of the five German armies of the invasion force, with a sixth based in Posen. Einsatzgruppe II was attached to the 10th Army. Each Einsatzgruppe was subdivided into Einsatzkommandos of 100 men. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind the lines and murdered political opposition. The Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1.25-2 million Jews and tens of thousands of Soviet citizens...

  14. Feldgendarmerie

    • Army military police

    Between 1939 and 1941, there was a growing need for troops to maintain control over those areas recently conquered by the Wehrmacht. Some units of the Ordnungspolizei were integrated into the army’s Feldgendarmerie units. The Ordnungspolizei had the right to draft men, and by the summer of 1940 almost 250,000 men served these units.

  15. Wirtschaft und Verwaltungshauptamt

    • Economic and Administrative Main Office
    • SS Main Economic and Administrative Department
    • SS-Wirtschaftsverwaltungs-Hauptamt
    • WVHA
    • SS-WVHA

    Founded in 1942-02-02

    The Wirtschaft und Verwaltungshauptamt was the principal economic and administrative bureau of the SS. Founded on 1942-02-02 and based in Berlin, this organization was a huge corporate enterprise with extensive power. Headed by Oswald Pohl, the WVHA not only exploited slave labor (500,000 to 600,000), but arranged for inmate transfers with German corporations. German companies had to apply for slave labor and wait for approval before inmates were transferred. Colonel Gerhard Maurer headed the DII Department, which processed German corporate requests for concentration camp labor. There were ...

  16. Obrana Národa

    • National Defense
    • ON

    Obrana Národa was a Czech resistance underground organization, founded by military officers of the Czech army. The aim of Obrana Národa was to prepare for a national uprising if a European war broke out. In the meantime its leaders sought to establish a clandestine intelligence network at home and a Czech military force abroad.

  17. Einsatzgruppe B

    • EG B

    1941/1944

    Einsatzgruppe B, 655 troops initially, had its headquarters in Smolensk. Areas of operation were Belorussia and Smolensk district. Its first commander was SS-Obergruppenführer Arthur Nebe. He was implicated in the 1944-07-20 assassination attempt against Hitler and executed in the spring of 1945. Himmler replaced him with SS-Gruppenführer Erich Naumann and later SS-Oberführer dr. Horst Böhme and SS-Standartenführer dr. Heinz Seetzen. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgru...

  18. Deutsche Arbeitsfront

    • German Labor Organization
    • Niemiecki Front Pracy
    • DAF

    Founded in 1933-05-10

    Founded in 1933-05-10, under the leadership of Dr. Robert Ley, the Deutsche Arbeitsfront supplanted labor unions. This arm of the Nazi government comprised 20 million workers. Wages were frozen, strikes prohibited, independent unions banned, and working conditions were controlled by the government.

  19. Agudat Israel

    • Union of Israel
    • Aguda

    Orthodox, religious political party hostile to Zionism.