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Displaying items 141 to 160 of 14,588
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Language of Description: English

  1. Globocnik Odilo

    • Globocnik, Odilo, 1904-1945
    • Globots'niḳ, Odilo, 1904-1945
    • גלובוצ׳ניק, 1904־1945
    • Globocnik, Odilo

    21/04/1904

    31/05/1945

    SS-Obergruppenführer. 1939 SS- und Polizeiführer in Lublin. Commissioned by Himmler with the "Final Solution" in Poland, code name "Aktion Reinhard". Responsible for the establishment of the extermination camps Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. In addition, 1943 manager of the Ostindustrie GmbH (OSti) in Lublin rob Jewish assets and to exploit Jewish labour prior to mass murder. Since 13 Sept 1943 Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland, including the Italian concentration camp San Saba in Trieste. Suicide.

  2. Einsatzgruppe A

    • EG A

    1941/1944

    Einsatzgruppe A, 1.000 troops initially, had its headquarters in Danzig. Areas of operation were Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Leningrad district. Einsatzgruppe A’s first commander was SS-Standartenführer dr. Walter Stahlecker. After Stahlecker’s death in a firefight with guerillas in 1942, Einsatzgruppe A was led by Heinz Host, SS-Oberführer dr. Humbert Achamer-Pifrader and SS-Oberführer dr. Friedrich Panzinger. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind t...

  3. Eesti NSV Ülemkohus

    • Supreme Court of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

    1941 and 1944-1991

    After Soviet forces occupied Estonia in 1940 and Estonia was incorporated into the USSR the Estonian court system was restructured. The Soviet government created a court system in Estonia that corresponded to Soviet law. This system consisted only of district courts, called the People’s Courts, and a Supreme Court of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (ESSR). During the Soviet period the Supreme Court of the ESSR reviewed civil and criminal appeals as the court of second instance. It reviewed some cases as the court of first instance, for example, murder cases under aggravating circumst...

  4. Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden

    • Jewish council

    1933-09/1939-07-04

    The Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden was a body representing German Jews vis-à-vis the German government. The Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden started as early as 1933-09, and was headed by Reform Rabbi Leo Baeck and the Chief Executive Officer Dr. Otto Hirsch. The Reichsvertretung centralized the political aspects of the Jewish community in Germany, trying to enter open debate and dignify controversy with the Nazi administration. Its constituent arms handled most aspects of Jewish life in the Reich – emigration, welfare-relief, education, vocational training, and cultural activitie...

  5. Council for German Jewry

    • CFGJ

    Founded in 1936

    The Council for German Jewry was a British Jewish organization established in 1936 to help German Jews leave Germany. British Jewish leaders instituted the Council for German Jewry in response to the racial Nuremberg Laws of 1935; they designed an emigration plan whereby 100,000 German Jews aged 17-35 could leave Germany in an organized manner. Half were to move to Palestine, and half to other countries. The CFGJ also hoped that another 100,000 German Jews would emigrate without their help. The American Joint Distribution Committee formally joined the council in 1936-08. The CFGJ was never ...

  6. Eesti NSV Oktoobrirevolutsiooni ja Sotsialistliku Ülesehitustöö Riiklik Keskarhiiv

    • Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

    1948-1989

    After the Second World War, the Estonian State Archive was under Soviet occupation and was renamed Eesti NSV Oktoobrirevolutsiooni ja Sotsialistliku Ülesehituse Riiklik Keskarhiiv / ORKA (Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic). After the transitional period 1989-1991, the archive continued acting as State Archives of the Estonian Republic.

  7. Leyb Koniuchowsky

    • Leib Koniuchowsky

    Leyb Koniuchowsky was born in Lithuania on 18 November 1910. An engineer by profession, he resided in Kaunas (Kovno). During the German occupation he lived in the Kaunas Ghetto and worked there until his escape. He found shelter in a bunker at a farmer's home where he remained until the liberation of Lithuania by the Red Army in 1944. From 1944-46, he wandered through the war battered towns of Lithuania, collecting testimonies from the few Jews that survived. The testimonies focus on the extermination of the Jews and the destruction of the local towns and villages. Koniuchowsky was meticulo...

  8. Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce

    • Political representation of Jews in Poland
    • CKŻP

    1944-11/1950-10-29

    The most prominent official Jewish institution in Poland following the Holocaust, the Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce, attended to the needs of Jews from fall 1944 until 1950. It sponsored a variety of programs, providing food, shelter, education, medical assistance, cultural activities, and employment services and vocational training. The CKŻP also supervised the repatriation of Jews from the Soviet Union and assisted with legal emigration. The CKŻP was supported financially by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. In 1950-10-29 CKŻP was connected with Żydowskie Towarzystwo Ku...

  9. Historijski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine

    • History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Historijski muzej BiH, Muzej Revolucije

    Founded in 1945.

    The History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to collect, preserve, explore, present, and promote the cultural and historical heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From its founding in 1945 until 1993, the Museum remained thematically focused on the history of antifascism during World War II and the cultivation of socialist state values. The name of the Museum, once Museum of the Revolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, has changed several times, but it has always been recognizable. After being renamed the History Museum in 1993, the thematic structure of the Museum has also changed. Now the...

  10. Sendler Irena

    • Sendlerowa, Irena, 1910-2008
    • Sendler, Irena, 1910-2008
    • Krzyżanowska, Irena 1910-2008
    • Krzyżanowska, Irena Stanisława, 1910-2008
    • Sendlerowa, Irena
    • ...

    15/02/1910

    12/05/2008

    Social worker and an active member in the Polish underground organisation Żegota (Council for Aid to Jews). Smuggled 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto providing them with false identity and housing outside the Ghetto. 1965 Righteous Among the Nations.

  11. ŻEGOTA

    • Council for Aid to Jews

    1942-12/1945-01

    ŻEGOTA is a Polish name for the underground Rada Pomocy Żydom. ŻEGOTA was initiated by writer Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, and it included both Jews and non-Jews from many different political movements. Despite their differences, they were motivated to fight the injustices perpetrated by the Nazis. By the summer of 1944, ŻEGOTA was helping 4,000 Jews. However, they were unable to provide aid for more people due to a chronic shortage of funding. ŻEGOTA furnished many Jews with false identification papers, money, and safe hiding places. Despite the death penalty imposed on people who hid Jews, ŻEGO...

  12. Комісія по розслідуванню злочинів німецько-фашистських загарбників на території Іванівського і Нижньосірогозького районів, Херсонської області

    • Commission to Investigate the Crimes of the German-Fascist Invaders in the Territory of the Ivanivka and Nyzhni Sirohozy Rayons, Nyzhni Sirohozy village

    These entities were established in 1943-44 pursuant to an edict (2 November 1942) of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR. The regional commission was in charge of the city and district extraordinary state commissions and in turn was subordinate to Ukraine’s republic-level Extraordinary State Commission, and included representatives of the public prosecutor’s office and investigative organs, medical experts, representatives of public organizations, and Soviet and party workers. The extraordinary state commissions were tasked with investigating the criminal activities of the occu...

  13. Hashomer Hatzair

    • השומר הצעיר

    Founded in 1913.

    Zionist socialist youth movement created in Galizia (at that time a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). Hashomer Hatzair forthwith adopted a Zionist ideology and stressed the need for the Jewish people to normalize their lives by changing their economic structure (as merchants) and to become workers and farmers, who would settle in the Land of Israel and work the land as "chalutzim" (pioneers). They were influenced, as well, by the burgeoning socialist movement, and they dreamt of creating in their new homeland a society based on social justice and equality. During the Holocaust Hasho...

  14. Rudolf Kasztner

    • Rezső Kasztner

    1906-1957

    Rudolf Kasztner, lawyer, journalist, Zionist activist. Kasztner’s name is associated with several rescue operations during the Holocaust. In 1942, he helped found the Relief and Rescue Committee (Budapesti Segélyező és Mentőbizottság or Va‘adat ‘Ezrah ve-Hatsalah) of Budapest, a clandestine group that smuggled Jews from Slovakia and Poland to Hungary. Kasztner brought copies of the so-called Auschwitz Protocols from Slovakia to Hungary at the end of April 1944. In the summer of 1944 Kasztner attempted a rescue operation that became known as the Kasztner Train. After Kasztner's immigration t...

  15. Центральный государственный архив Санкт-Петербурга

    • Central State Archive of St. Petersburg
    • Tsentralnyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Sankt-Peterburga

    Archive of the October Revolution (first predecessor of the current archive) was created in the years 1925-1927 in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). Its task was to collect documents relating to the contemporary history of the city and its region from 1917 and following years. In 1936 Archive obtained status of separate institution as the Leningrad Archive of the October Revolution. In 1941 Archive was enlarged by the other provincial archives from the region and the local archive of the Red Army. During the Second World War and in 1950s archive obtained also valuable documents related to the war...

  16. Joodse Coördinatie Commissie

    • Jewish Co-ordination Committee
    • JCC

    1940-12/1941-10

    In 1940-12 the various Jewish congregations and other Jewish bodies founded a steering committee, the Joodse Coördinatie Commissie, an umbrella network of Jewish organizations. The JCC was formed to coordinate the Jewish community throughout the difficulties. Chairman of the JCC was L.E. Visser, Esq. The commission offered legal and tax-related advice, organized cultural activities and provided financial assistance as needed. The JCC refused to deal directly with the Nazis, arguing that such contact should be mediated by the Dutch government. The Joodse Raad (Jewish Council), which did main...

  17. Italian Occupation of France

    Relations between authorities in Vichy and those of the Italian Occupation rested on a fundamental ambiguity. The Germans and Italians had seized control of these zones ‘militarily’, officially for security reasons, in order to protect them from an Allied landing. On 1942-12-17, however, the Germans, followed on 1943-01-15 by the Italians, granted themselves all the powers of an armed Occupation force in their own zone, irrespective of the armistice agreements. The Italians had moreover not relinquished their ambition to annex a portion of the area that they occupied, which explains why the...

  18. Neurath Constantin Freiherr von

    • Neurath, Konstantin Hermann Karl von, 1873-1956
    • Neurath, Konstantin Freiherr Von
    • Neurath, Konstantin, Freiherr von, 1873-1956
    • Neurath, Konstantin Hermann Karl, 1873-1956
    • Neurath, Konstantin ˜vonœ 1873-1956
    • ...

    02/02/1873

    15/08/1956

    German Foreign Minister (1932-1938). Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1943).

  19. Mussolini Benito

    • Mussolini, Benito, 1883-1945
    • Mousolini, Benito, 1883-1945
    • Duce, 1883-1945
    • موسوليني، بنيتو، 1883-1945
    • מוסוליני, ביניטו, 1883-1945
    • ...

    29/07/1883

    28/04/1945

    Prime minister (1922-43). First European fascist dictator. Executed by partisans in 1945.

  20. Israel Gutman

    • ישראל גוטמן

    Member of the underground and the Jewish Combat Organization and participant in the Warsaw ghetto urprising. He survived and was deported to the Majdanek, Auschwitz and Mauthausen concentration camps. After the war he was active in the Zionist youth organizaion Hashomer Hatzair in Austria and Italia, where participated in the foundation of Kibbutz Aviv in Leuca de Senta. In 1947 he emigrated to Israel and joined the kibbutz Lehavot HaBashan. In 1961 he testified at the Eichmann trial. Gutman was a profesor of history at the hebrew University of Jerusalem and editor in chief of the Encyclope...