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Displaying items 17,761 to 17,780 of 17,943
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  1. Kriminalpolizei

    • Criminal Police
    • Kripo

    The Kriminalpolizei was headed by Arthur Nebe. They eventually came under control of the Sicherheitsdienst. In the occupied areas these men wore SS uniforms. Their duties related mainly to nonpolitical crimes, but on occasion they would lend support to the Geheime Staatspolizei in operations against Jews joining the Einsatzgruppen.

  2. Garda de Fier

    • Iron Guard

    Founded in 1927

    The Garda de Fier was a fascist and anti-Semitic movement in Romania, whose members were known as ‘Legionnaires’. Originally established in 1927 under the name ‘legion of the Archangel Michael’ and organized into paramilitary units, the Garda de Fier soon became a mass political movement. It was officially dissolved in 1933, but continued to function, even receiving the third largest number of votes in Romania’s 1937 election. During the mid-1930s the Garda de Fier also established ties with the Nazi regime in Germany. In 1938, Romania’s King Carol II again outlawed the Garda de Fier. Nonet...

  3. Einsatzkommando 11

    • EK 11

    Einsatzkommando 11 arose from the merger of Sonderkommando 11a and 11b.

  4. Einsatzgruppe I

    • EG I

    When Hitler invaded Poland in 1939-09, a special Einsatzgruppe was attached to each of the five German armies of the invasion force, with a sixth based in Posen. Einsatzgruppe I was attached to the 14th Army. Each Einsatzgruppe was subdivided into Einsatzkommandos of 100 men. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind the lines and murdered political opposition. The Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1.25-2 million Jews and tens of thousands of Soviet citizens ...

  6. Geheime Feldpolizei

    • Secret military police
    • GFP

    The main tasks of the Geheime Feldpolizei were counterintelligence and security. Members of the Geheime Feldpolizei were actually the executives of the Abwehr.

  7. Polskie Siły Zbrojne w ZSRR, 1941-1942

    • Anders' Army

    A Polish army was set up in the Soviet Union, headed by General Vladislav Anders. Despite the fact that the officers in Anders’ army were generally hostile towards them, some 4,000 Jews – 5% of the total number of soldiers – served in its ranks. At the end of 1942, Anders’ Army reached Eretz Israel via Tehran. Some 3,000 Jewish soldiers stayed in the country, joining the Jewish Underground. Those who remained in Anders’ Army took part in the invasion of Italy and the battles in the area of Monte Casino. 22 Jewish soldiers were killed at Monte Casino, 62 were injured, and many were awarded m...

  8. Otez Paisii

    • Father Paisii

    Otez Paisii was a right-wing nationalist organization in Bulgaria.

  9. Beauftragten des Führers für die Überwachung der gesamten geistigen und weltanschaulichen Schulung und Erziehung der NSDAP

    Founded in 1934

    The NSDAP Hauptamt Wissenschaft was part of Beauftragten des Führers für die Überwachung der gesamten geistigen und weltanschaulichen Schulung und Erziehung der NSDAP, which was founded in 1934.

  10. Entra’ida Francaise Israélite

    • French Israelite Mutual Aid
    • EFI

    The Entra’ida Francaise Israélite was a mutual aid organization of French Jews.

  11. Volksverwering

    • Popular Defense

    Founded in 1937

    In 1937 the Volksverwering was founded which during the German occupation in the Second World War actively participated in the persecution of Jews. The founding of Volksverwering constituted the establishment of the first organization whose sole raison d’être was anti-Semitism.

  12. Reichswehrministerium

    • Ministry of the Reichswehr

    By order of president Eber on 1919-08-20 the Reichswehrministerium was due to take over from the states' ministries on 1919-10-01. Within the Reichswehrministerium there were seven offices.

  13. Organization Schmelt

    1940/1944

    Organization Schmelt was a program of forced labor, which was first imposed upon the Jews of Eastern Upper Silesia and later extended to other areas. In effect from 1940 to 1944. Organization Schmelt was named for its director, SS-Oberführer Albrecht Schmelt. Organization Schmelt began establishing forced labor camps for Jews in 1940. The camps were built next to factories where war materials were manufactured, so that Jewish labor could be exploited. In 1941-03 SS chief Heinrich Himmler decided to use Jews from Organization Schmelt camps to construct even more factories. While previously t...

  14. Omnia Treuhandgesellschaft

    Omnia Treuhandgesellschaft was an institution established in Prague during the war to liquidate Jewish shops and companies that were of little significance to the occupying forces. The Nazis divided the Jewish shops and companies they expropriated into two categories. The first consisted of enterprises they wished to preserve, which they placed under the supervision of a Verwalter. The remaining businesses were sold off. Omnia liquidated some 13,000 Jewish businesses in the Netherlands. The proceeds were deposited in an account at the Liro Bank under the owner’s name. The sale price was in ...

  15. Einsatzkommando 10b

    • EK 10b

    Einsatzkommando 10b (part of Einsatzgruppe D) carried out the mass murder of Jews in southern Ukraine.

  16. Reichsführung SS

    • RFSS

    The Reichsführung SS was headed by Heinrich Himmler.

  17. Reichsgericht of Leipzig

    In 1879 the Reichsgericht of Leipzig became the Reichsgericht of the German Reich.

  18. Turkish government

    In examining the decision-making process in the Turkish government during the Second World War years two factors must be kept in mind; the government during this period was authoritarian, and power was very centralized. The Grand National Assembly, the Parliamentary Group of the CHP, the Cabinet and Inönü. This power structure included practically all the politically active elements in Turkish society. Yet despite Italy’s entry into the war in 1940-06 and the subsequent Axis campaign in the Balkans, which culminated in Germany’s invasion and defeat of Yugoslavia and Greece in spring 1941, T...

  19. BAYER

    Founded in 1863

    BAYER is a chemical and pharmaceutical company. During the Second World War foreign and forced laborers from the occupied countries of Europe were brought to work in Leverkusen, Dormagen, Elberfeld and Uerdingen - and throughout German industry as a whole - to maintain output levels. At times during the war, these laborers accounted for up to one third of the workforce. Concentration camp prisoners were not employed in the Lower Rhine sites. BAYER produced Cyklon B.

  20. Ratnitsi Napreduka na Bulgarshtinata

    • Guardians of the Advancement of Bulgarian National Spirit

    A coup in 1935 created a monarchial dictatorship under King Boris III modeled along Italian Fascist lines. A number of anti-Semitic groups, such as the Ratnitsi Napreduka na Bulgarshtinata flourished under the monarchical dictatorship.