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Displaying items 14,501 to 14,520 of 14,588
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Language of Description: English

  1. Bekenntniskirche

    • Confessing Chruch

    The Bekenntniskirche was composed of traditional Protestants. This organization broke with the Protestant Evangelical Church because it refused to accept the primacy of the Nazi state over the church, racial superiority, and the Aryan Paragraph. In 1943, the Bekenntniskirche issued the Barman Declaration, accusing the Nazi government of idolatry. While attacking racial concepts, it did not protest formally against anti-Semitic policies.

  2. Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós

    • Greek People's Liberation Army
    • ELAS

    1942/1945-02

    The military branch of the communist-dominated Ethniko Apelefterotiko Metopo in Greece. Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós was launched in the summer of 1942 and gradually spread from the central regions of the country into Thessaly and Aegean Macedonia. By 1944, it controlled most of the mountainous areas in Greece. At its peak, it had about 70,000 fighters, including several thousand Slavic Macedonians who formed the so-called Slavo-Macedonian People's Liberation Front. ELAS was disbanded in 1945-02, following the Varkiza agreements. After 1946, it reappeared as the Democratic Army...

  3. Commission Central d’Oeuvres Juives d’Assistance

    • Central Commission of Jewish Relief Associations
    • CCOJA

    Founded in 1940-10-30

    Many central and local Jewish relief organizations were to be found in the unoccupied zone immediately after the exodus and the armistice of 1940-06. The activities of these organizations were not coordinated, nor was there a central organization that could deal with the French Government. That is why on a conference in Marseilles on 1940-10-30 and 1940-10-31 the Commission Central d’Oeuvres Juives d’Assistance was organized. The CCOJA rejected above all the Central Consistory’s claim to represent French Judaism. The CCOJA created the following sub-committees and commissions: 1. Comité d’Ac...

  4. Ersatzheer

    • Replacement Army

    The Ersatzheer was a powerful Germany-based framework organization that came fully into existence on general mobilization. Its principal task was to train and provide replacements for the Feldheer, although it also carried out many other related administrative activities.

  5. Roland Battalion

    Roland Battalion had been formed in Austria. Together with Nachtigall, a volunteer Bulgarian battalion, the Roland Battalion is also known to the Ukrainians as Druzhyny Ukraninsskyh Natsionalistiv. After the start of Operation Barbarossa the Roland Battalion moved into the southern Soviet Ukraine.

  6. Hadviseltek Bizottsága

  8. Oberkommando des Heeres

    • Supreme Army High Command
    • OKH

    In 1941, Hitler gave the Oberkommando des Heeres the control of the war in the Soviet Union and told them they did not have to abide by the rules of war. The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe, the Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine and the Oberkommando des Heeres were subordinate to the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht which was ultimately responsible to Hitler for the operational conduct of the three armed branches of the German forces.

  9. Action Française

    • AF

    Founded in 1898

    The best-known and most influential anti-Semitic organization was the Action Française, formed in 1898 by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois as a result of the Dreyfus affair. The AF was both a political and a literary movement. The daily paper of the same name started in 1908 and reached a considerable part of the bourgeois, student and Catholic world. The paper, employing gifted writers, was relentless in its vituperative attacks, on both a general and personal level, on Jews, sometimes inciting violence.

  10. Sonderdienst

    • Special Service

    The Sonderdienst exists entirely of Germans. The Sonderdienst is mainly occupied with the collecting of agricultural quotas, the imposition of fines, and control over the prices.

  11. Reichsjustizministerium

    The Reichsjustizministerium was headed by Franz Günther and later by Otto Thierack. It was engaged with questions of justice and the law.

  12. Organisation de Résistance de l'Armée

    • Army Resistance Organisation
    • ORA

    Founded in 1942-12-01

    On 1942-12-01 the Organisation de Résistance de l'Armée was formed by General Aubert Frere. ORA became active after Germany occupied the Free (Vichy) Zone in 1942-11. Organized by career officers and run on a professional military basis, ORA initially backed General Giraud rather than de Gaulle as the head of the Resistance: it's mission was military, not political.

  14. Einsatzkommando 10a

    • EK 10a

    Einsatzkommando 10a (part of Einsatzgruppe D) carried out the mass murder of Jews in southern Ukraine.

  15. Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft

    Founded in 1931

    The Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft was founded in 1933, from 1935-03 the Frauenschaft was officially part of the NSDAP.

  16. Reichssicherheitshauptamtes-Amtes II-D Technische Angelegenheiten

    • RSHA-Amtes II-D Technische Angelegenheiten

    The technical department, under the supervision of Rauff, became a part of Amt II.

  17. Lippmann Rosenthal Bank

    • Lippmann, Rosenthal&Co.
    • Liro

    The Lippmann Rosenthal Bank, 'the robber bank', was not a bank in the normal sense of the word. In practice, Liro was far more a storage depot and sales office for stolen Jewish stolen property than a financial institution.

  18. Wehrmachtführungsamt

    Abolished in 1940-08-07

    The Wehrmachtführungsamt was renamed the Wehrmachtführungsstab on 1940-08-07.

  19. Einsatzkommando 1/IV

    • EK 1/IV

    Einsatzkommando 1/IV, Einsatzkommando 1 of Einsatzgruppe IV, participated during the invasion of Poland in 1939-09. During the invasion of the Soviet Union the Einsatzgruppen were not labeled with the number I, II, III, IV or V but with the character A, B, C or D.

  20. Comité voor Bijzondere Joodse Belangen

    • Committee for special Jewish interests
    • CBJB

    Founded in 1933

    Following the course of events in Germany, the Comité voor Bijzondere Joodse Belangen was formed in 1933 under the aegis of David Cohen and Abraham Asscher, who were later in charge of the Jewish Council.