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Displaying items 17,861 to 17,880 of 17,956
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  1. Ligue International Contre l’Antisemitisme

    • International League against Anti-Semitism
    • LICA

    Founded in 1928

    Created in 1928, the Ligue International Contre l’Antisemitisme fought against fascist gangs and clearly sought to ally itself with forces on the Left. The LICA was headed by Pierre Paraf and Bernard Lecache.

  2. Expositur

    • Expo

    Expositur was a section of the Joodse Raad voor Amsterdam (Jewish Council of Amsterdam) that acted as a liaison with the Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung Amsterdam. At the Expositur the registration of exemptions from deportation (sperre) was processed. Employees of the 'Expo' had access to the Hollandsche Schouwburg. The organisation was headed by Edwin Sluzker, who was of Austrian-Jewish descend.

  3. Combat

    At the beginning of 1943, with the war at a turning point and Vichy repression escalating, the resistance became more coordinated. Three networks, Combat, Libération, and Franc-Tireur et Partisans, joined together to form the Mouvements Unis de Résistance in 1943-01.

  4. Oberste Heeresleitung

    • German Supreme Command
    • OHL

    Colonel General Helmuth von Moltke became chief of the General Staff of the Generalstab des Feldheeres. Although the German emperor was the official commander-in-chief, the actual conduct of operations and strategic planning lay in the hands of Moltke from the very beginning. His staff formed the Oberste Heeresleitung. The OHL's Central Section was responsible for the staff's office management and personnel matters.

  5. Einsatzkommando 13

    • EK 13

    Einsatzkommando 13 operated in 1944-1945 in Slovakia, where in 1944-08 a revolt against the Germans broke out.

  6. French Government-in-Exile

    • Free French

    As a senior army officer in 1940, Charles de Gaulle refused to accept France’s capitulation to Germany and fled to London, where he set up the Frence Government-in-Exile, the Free French. He exhorted French soldiers and citizens to join the resistance and to continue the struggle against the Nazis. With the liberation of Paris in 1944, de Gaulle returned home and soon was named president of the newly created provisional government.

  7. Emigdirect

    Emigdirect, a Jewish migration organization, was based in Berlin.

  8. Rabotnicheska partia

  9. Reichsamt für deutsche Einwanderung, Rückwanderung und Auswanderung

    • Reichswanderungsamt

    Founded in 1919-05-07

    The Reichsamt für deutsche Einwanderung, Rückwanderung und Auswanderung, established in 1919-05-07, collected material of all kind of aspects of emigration.

  10. Secours Suisse aux Enfants

    • Swiss Children's Aid

    The Secours Suisse aux Enfants, an agency of the Swiss Red Cross, an organization founded to care for children displaced during the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War.

  11. Bekenntniskirche

    • Confessing Chruch

    The Bekenntniskirche was composed of traditional Protestants. This organization broke with the Protestant Evangelical Church because it refused to accept the primacy of the Nazi state over the church, racial superiority, and the Aryan Paragraph. In 1943, the Bekenntniskirche issued the Barman Declaration, accusing the Nazi government of idolatry. While attacking racial concepts, it did not protest formally against anti-Semitic policies.

  12. Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós

    • Greek People's Liberation Army
    • ELAS

    1942/1945-02

    The military branch of the communist-dominated Ethniko Apelefterotiko Metopo in Greece. Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós was launched in the summer of 1942 and gradually spread from the central regions of the country into Thessaly and Aegean Macedonia. By 1944, it controlled most of the mountainous areas in Greece. At its peak, it had about 70,000 fighters, including several thousand Slavic Macedonians who formed the so-called Slavo-Macedonian People's Liberation Front. ELAS was disbanded in 1945-02, following the Varkiza agreements. After 1946, it reappeared as the Democratic Army...

  13. Commission Central d’Oeuvres Juives d’Assistance

    • Central Commission of Jewish Relief Associations
    • CCOJA

    Founded in 1940-10-30

    Many central and local Jewish relief organizations were to be found in the unoccupied zone immediately after the exodus and the armistice of 1940-06. The activities of these organizations were not coordinated, nor was there a central organization that could deal with the French Government. That is why on a conference in Marseilles on 1940-10-30 and 1940-10-31 the Commission Central d’Oeuvres Juives d’Assistance was organized. The CCOJA rejected above all the Central Consistory’s claim to represent French Judaism. The CCOJA created the following sub-committees and commissions: 1. Comité d’Ac...

  14. Ersatzheer

    • Replacement Army

    The Ersatzheer was a powerful Germany-based framework organization that came fully into existence on general mobilization. Its principal task was to train and provide replacements for the Feldheer, although it also carried out many other related administrative activities.

  15. Roland Battalion

    Roland Battalion had been formed in Austria. Together with Nachtigall, a volunteer Bulgarian battalion, the Roland Battalion is also known to the Ukrainians as Druzhyny Ukraninsskyh Natsionalistiv. After the start of Operation Barbarossa the Roland Battalion moved into the southern Soviet Ukraine.

  16. Hadviseltek Bizottsága

  18. Oberkommando des Heeres

    • Supreme Army High Command
    • OKH

    In 1941, Hitler gave the Oberkommando des Heeres the control of the war in the Soviet Union and told them they did not have to abide by the rules of war. The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe, the Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine and the Oberkommando des Heeres were subordinate to the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht which was ultimately responsible to Hitler for the operational conduct of the three armed branches of the German forces.

  19. Action Française

    • AF

    Founded in 1898

    The best-known and most influential anti-Semitic organization was the Action Française, formed in 1898 by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois as a result of the Dreyfus affair. The AF was both a political and a literary movement. The daily paper of the same name started in 1908 and reached a considerable part of the bourgeois, student and Catholic world. The paper, employing gifted writers, was relentless in its vituperative attacks, on both a general and personal level, on Jews, sometimes inciting violence.

  20. Sonderdienst

    • Special Service

    The Sonderdienst exists entirely of Germans. The Sonderdienst is mainly occupied with the collecting of agricultural quotas, the imposition of fines, and control over the prices.