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Displaying items 16,241 to 16,260 of 17,956
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  1. Magyar Izraeliták Pártfogó Irodája

    • Bureau for the Protection of the Rights of the Jews of Hungary
    • MIPI

    The Bureau for the Protection of the Rights of the Jews of Hungary was established with the official permission of Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer, the minister of Interior in 1938. It was a Jewish aid organization and it was permitted to negotiate with Western Jewish organizations, the most important of which was the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC).

  2. Auschwitz Protocol

    • Vrba-Wetzler Report

    This report based on accounts by prisoners Walter Rosenberg and Alfréd Wetzler, who had escaped from Birkenau in April 1944. It provided a precise description and map sketches of the camp’s layout, operation, selection and extermination techniques. In Hungary the illegal Zionist organizations were the first to receive the information, but the protocol soon reached the Central Jewish Council as well as members of the non-Jewish resistance and Regent Miklós Horthy’s circles. Through Zionist channels, a copy of the protocol reached Switzerland and the British and U.S. governments.

  3. Sondereinsatzkommando Eichmann

    • Eichmann-Sonderkommando
    • SEK

    It was a special unit of SS soldiers under the immediate command of Adolf Eichmann. After the German occupation of Hungary Eichmann arranged with his special unit the ghettoization and deportation of the Hungarian Jews.

  4. Budapesti Segélyező és Mentőbizottság

    • Budapest Relief and Rescue Committee
    • Vaadat ha’ Ezra ve’ha’Hatzalah
    • Vaada

    An illegal Hungarian Zionist relief organization founded in 1942–1943 for the rescue, hiding, and support of Jews fleeing from neighboring countries. Its most renowned members were Executive Director Ottó Komoly, Executive Vice Director Rezső Kasztner, Joel Brand and his wife Hansi, Mózes (Moshe) Schweiger and Ernő Szilágyi. After the German occupation of Hungary the Vaada initiated negotiations with the SS in order to rescue Hungarian Jews.

  5. National Committee of Hungarian Jews for Attending Deportees

    • Magyarországi Zsidók Deportáltakat Gondozó Országos Bizottsága
    • DEGOB

    One of the key organizations responsible for the repatriation and relief of Holocaust survivors in Hungary. DEGOB was established in Budapest in March 1945. It received its financial support from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the International Red Cross, and the Jewish Agency for Palestine. DEGOB organized twenty-six expeditions in 1945 and managed to repatriate several thousand Hungarian deportees from former Nazi camps throughout Europe. In addition to providing aid for survivors, DEGOB was one of the earliest and largest projects to document the mass destruction of Eu...

  6. András Kun

    Hungarian priest and Minorite friar. After the German occupation of Hungary he joined the Arrow Cross Party and on 16 October 1944 he contributed to the Arrow Cross takeover by distributing weapons in Városmajor. He joined the 12th district party organization as an Arrow Cross member and a friar, and played a dominant role in the crimes, atrocities and murders against the Jews in Budapest. In 1945 the people’s court sentenced him to death and he was executed.

  7. Gábor Vajna

    Hungarian politician. From 1939 he was the member of parliament representing the Arrow Cross Party. After the Arrow Cross takeover he was appointed the Minister of Interior. In 1946 the people’s court sentenced him to death and he was executed.

  8. István Antal

    Hungarian lawyer and politician. From 1938 to 1942 he served as state secretary of the Ministry of Justice. In Kállay-government he worked as Minister without portfolio of National Defence and Propaganda. After the German occupation of Hungary Sztójay appointed him Minister of Justice and Minister of Religion and Education. He actively participated in the creating and introduction of new anti-Jewish laws. In 1946 the people’s court sentenced him to death, but he was acquitted. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was set free in 1960.

  9. Ferenc Kassai (Schallmayer)

    Hungarian politician. From 1937 he was the follower of Ferenc Szálasi and the Hungarist Movement. After 1938 he was interned several times because of his political attitude. After his release he became the propaganda chief of Arrow Cross Party. After the Arrow Cross takeover he was appointed the Minister of Propaganda. In 1946 the people’s court sentenced him to death and he was executed.

  10. Béla Jurcsek

    Hungarian politician. From 1942 to 1944 he served as state secretary of the Ministry of Welfare. After the German occupation of Hungary he was appointed Minister of Agriculture. He held this position in Lakatos-government. After the Arrow Cross Takeover he served as Minister of Welfare. In April 1945 he committed suicide in Austria.

  11. Árpád Toldi

    Hungarian gendarmerie officer. On 26 April 1944 he was appointed the prefect of the city of Székesfehérvár and Fejér County. From November 1944 he worked as the head of Department XI at the Ministry of the Interior and he was appointed the government commissioner responsible for confiscating and redistributing Jewish assets. He subsequently became commander of the so-called Gold Train. He fled to Switzerland and he was arrested in the spring of 1945, but he was not held accountable.

  12. Giorgo Perlasca

    Italian businessman. As businessman he worked in Budapest from October 1942. After the German occupation of Hungary he was arrested. He managed to get free through the Spanish ambassador’s deputy, Ángel Sanz-Briz, who gave him shelter and documents. At the end of November, when the Spanish diplomatic mission to Budapest finished its Hungarian operations, Perlasca assumed the role of Spanish deputy and placed buildings under Spanish protection. He issued thousands of protective documents, thus saving the lives of many hundreds of people. Yad Vashem awarded him the title “Righteous among the ...

  13. Samu Kahan-Frankl

    Hungarian Orthodox rabbi, head of the Central Office of the Autonomous Orthodox Israelite Denomination of Hungary. He was the member of the Central Jewish Council in 1944. In the summer of 1944 he resigned from his position and he went into hiding. After the war he headed the national Orthodox organization again. He emigrated to Israel in 1950.

  14. Béla Johan

    Hungarian professor of medicine. In 1944 he discontinued the employment of hundreds of Jewish doctors and pharmacists who were performing labour service, facilitating their deportation. After the war he was not held accountable, but in 1949 the communist authorities arrested him for a few months.

  15. Hermann Krumey

    German SS officer. He had contact with Adolf Eichmann and his Jewish affairs department of the Reich Security Main Office during the resettlement of the Warthe District. After the German occupation of Hungary he arrived in Budapest as a member of Eichmann’s Sondereinsatzkommando. He worked with Eichmann on the mass deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz. He was arrested in Italy in 1945, but thanks for statement of Rezső Kasztner he was not prosecuted. Later he was sentenced to imprisonment.

  16. Jenő Péterffy

    Hungarian gendarmerie commander. He served as gendarme cadet corps commander in Nagyvárad from 1 May 1943 and in Galánta from 20 August 1944. As gendarmerie commander he played an important role in the ghettoization and deportation of Hungarian Jews. He ordered his men to treat the Jews in brutal manner. After the Arrow Cross takeover he appointed to deputy director of Department XX of the Ministry of the Interior. After the war he was arrested and in December 1945 he was slain in the prison.

  17. Kurt Becher

    German SS officer and businessman. From March 1944 to 1945 he was a special envoy to Heinrich Himmler in Hungary. He negotiated with leading Jewish businessmen, including the Weiss Manfréd Works. He blackmailed them into handing over this large complex to the SS. After the war he was arrested, but he was not held accountable.

  18. dr. Josef Mengele

    German SS officer and physician. From 1943 he was one of the lead physicians at Auschwitz–Birkenau. In the summer of 1944 he supervised the selection process on the Birkenau ramp and he sent tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews to their deaths. In Auschwitz he conducted pseudomedical experiments. After the war he fled to South America in 1949, where he is believed to have died in 1979.

  19. Miksa Domonkos

    Hungarian Jewish engineer. After the German occupation of Hungary he was the head of the Central Jewish Council’s Technical Department. After the Arrow Cross takeover he was one of the large ghetto’s leaders, struggling with great resolve to protect Budapest’s Jews. After the war he became chief secretary of the Pest Israelite Congregation.

  20. Margit Slachta

    Hungarian Catholic nun, one of the leaders of the Christian Women’s Camp and the Society of Sisters of Social Service. As a member of parliament she protested against the deportation of stateless Jews in 1941. In 1944 she accomplished significant Jewish rescue activities along with the other Social Sisters. Yad Vashem awarded her the title “Righteous among the Nations” in 1977.