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Displaying items 61 to 80 of 2,688
Search result ordering
Language of Description: English
Authority Type: Corporate Body

  1. Union des Juifs pour la Resistance en l’Entr’aide

    • Solidarite
    • UJRE

    1940-08/1943

    Solidarite was a secret resistance organization, formed by Jewish Communists in Paris after the German invasion in 1940-08. In 1941-01 Solidarite refused to join the Coordinating Committee of Jewish Welfare Societies, suspecting the Nazis would take control. In May almost 4,000 Parisian Jews were arrested, which took Solidarite and others by surprise. After the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June, Solidarite began to sabotage German industry. In early 1942 they opposed the Union of French Jews, claiming that its members were collaborators. At the same time Solidarite created the nation...

  2. Einsatzgruppe A

    • EG A

    1941/1944

    Einsatzgruppe A, 1.000 troops initially, had its headquarters in Danzig. Areas of operation were Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Leningrad district. Einsatzgruppe A’s first commander was SS-Standartenführer dr. Walter Stahlecker. After Stahlecker’s death in a firefight with guerillas in 1942, Einsatzgruppe A was led by Heinz Host, SS-Oberführer dr. Humbert Achamer-Pifrader and SS-Oberführer dr. Friedrich Panzinger. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind t...

  3. Eesti NSV Ülemkohus

    • Supreme Court of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

    1941 and 1944-1991

    After Soviet forces occupied Estonia in 1940 and Estonia was incorporated into the USSR the Estonian court system was restructured. The Soviet government created a court system in Estonia that corresponded to Soviet law. This system consisted only of district courts, called the People’s Courts, and a Supreme Court of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (ESSR). During the Soviet period the Supreme Court of the ESSR reviewed civil and criminal appeals as the court of second instance. It reviewed some cases as the court of first instance, for example, murder cases under aggravating circumst...

  4. Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden

    • Jewish council

    1933-09/1939-07-04

    The Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden was a body representing German Jews vis-à-vis the German government. The Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden started as early as 1933-09, and was headed by Reform Rabbi Leo Baeck and the Chief Executive Officer Dr. Otto Hirsch. The Reichsvertretung centralized the political aspects of the Jewish community in Germany, trying to enter open debate and dignify controversy with the Nazi administration. Its constituent arms handled most aspects of Jewish life in the Reich – emigration, welfare-relief, education, vocational training, and cultural activitie...

  5. Council for German Jewry

    • CFGJ

    Founded in 1936

    The Council for German Jewry was a British Jewish organization established in 1936 to help German Jews leave Germany. British Jewish leaders instituted the Council for German Jewry in response to the racial Nuremberg Laws of 1935; they designed an emigration plan whereby 100,000 German Jews aged 17-35 could leave Germany in an organized manner. Half were to move to Palestine, and half to other countries. The CFGJ also hoped that another 100,000 German Jews would emigrate without their help. The American Joint Distribution Committee formally joined the council in 1936-08. The CFGJ was never ...

  6. Eesti NSV Oktoobrirevolutsiooni ja Sotsialistliku Ülesehitustöö Riiklik Keskarhiiv

    • Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

    1948-1989

    After the Second World War, the Estonian State Archive was under Soviet occupation and was renamed Eesti NSV Oktoobrirevolutsiooni ja Sotsialistliku Ülesehituse Riiklik Keskarhiiv / ORKA (Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic). After the transitional period 1989-1991, the archive continued acting as State Archives of the Estonian Republic.

  7. Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce

    • Political representation of Jews in Poland
    • CKŻP

    1944-11/1950-10-29

    The most prominent official Jewish institution in Poland following the Holocaust, the Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce, attended to the needs of Jews from fall 1944 until 1950. It sponsored a variety of programs, providing food, shelter, education, medical assistance, cultural activities, and employment services and vocational training. The CKŻP also supervised the repatriation of Jews from the Soviet Union and assisted with legal emigration. The CKŻP was supported financially by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. In 1950-10-29 CKŻP was connected with Żydowskie Towarzystwo Ku...

  8. Historijski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine

    • History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Historijski muzej BiH, Muzej Revolucije

    Founded in 1945.

    The History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to collect, preserve, explore, present, and promote the cultural and historical heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From its founding in 1945 until 1993, the Museum remained thematically focused on the history of antifascism during World War II and the cultivation of socialist state values. The name of the Museum, once Museum of the Revolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, has changed several times, but it has always been recognizable. After being renamed the History Museum in 1993, the thematic structure of the Museum has also changed. Now the...

  9. ŻEGOTA

    • Council for Aid to Jews

    1942-12/1945-01

    ŻEGOTA is a Polish name for the underground Rada Pomocy Żydom. ŻEGOTA was initiated by writer Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, and it included both Jews and non-Jews from many different political movements. Despite their differences, they were motivated to fight the injustices perpetrated by the Nazis. By the summer of 1944, ŻEGOTA was helping 4,000 Jews. However, they were unable to provide aid for more people due to a chronic shortage of funding. ŻEGOTA furnished many Jews with false identification papers, money, and safe hiding places. Despite the death penalty imposed on people who hid Jews, ŻEGO...

  10. Комісія по розслідуванню злочинів німецько-фашистських загарбників на території Іванівського і Нижньосірогозького районів, Херсонської області

    • Commission to Investigate the Crimes of the German-Fascist Invaders in the Territory of the Ivanivka and Nyzhni Sirohozy Rayons, Nyzhni Sirohozy village

    These entities were established in 1943-44 pursuant to an edict (2 November 1942) of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR. The regional commission was in charge of the city and district extraordinary state commissions and in turn was subordinate to Ukraine’s republic-level Extraordinary State Commission, and included representatives of the public prosecutor’s office and investigative organs, medical experts, representatives of public organizations, and Soviet and party workers. The extraordinary state commissions were tasked with investigating the criminal activities of the occu...

  11. Hashomer Hatzair

    • השומר הצעיר

    Founded in 1913.

    Zionist socialist youth movement created in Galizia (at that time a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). Hashomer Hatzair forthwith adopted a Zionist ideology and stressed the need for the Jewish people to normalize their lives by changing their economic structure (as merchants) and to become workers and farmers, who would settle in the Land of Israel and work the land as "chalutzim" (pioneers). They were influenced, as well, by the burgeoning socialist movement, and they dreamt of creating in their new homeland a society based on social justice and equality. During the Holocaust Hasho...

  12. Центральный государственный архив Санкт-Петербурга

    • Central State Archive of St. Petersburg
    • Tsentralnyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Sankt-Peterburga

    Archive of the October Revolution (first predecessor of the current archive) was created in the years 1925-1927 in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). Its task was to collect documents relating to the contemporary history of the city and its region from 1917 and following years. In 1936 Archive obtained status of separate institution as the Leningrad Archive of the October Revolution. In 1941 Archive was enlarged by the other provincial archives from the region and the local archive of the Red Army. During the Second World War and in 1950s archive obtained also valuable documents related to the war...

  13. Joodse Coördinatie Commissie

    • Jewish Co-ordination Committee
    • JCC

    1940-12/1941-10

    In 1940-12 the various Jewish congregations and other Jewish bodies founded a steering committee, the Joodse Coördinatie Commissie, an umbrella network of Jewish organizations. The JCC was formed to coordinate the Jewish community throughout the difficulties. Chairman of the JCC was L.E. Visser, Esq. The commission offered legal and tax-related advice, organized cultural activities and provided financial assistance as needed. The JCC refused to deal directly with the Nazis, arguing that such contact should be mediated by the Dutch government. The Joodse Raad (Jewish Council), which did main...

  14. Italian Occupation of France

    Relations between authorities in Vichy and those of the Italian Occupation rested on a fundamental ambiguity. The Germans and Italians had seized control of these zones ‘militarily’, officially for security reasons, in order to protect them from an Allied landing. On 1942-12-17, however, the Germans, followed on 1943-01-15 by the Italians, granted themselves all the powers of an armed Occupation force in their own zone, irrespective of the armistice agreements. The Italians had moreover not relinquished their ambition to annex a portion of the area that they occupied, which explains why the...

  15. Armia Ludowa

    • People’s Army
    • AL

    Founded in 1944-01-01

    Armia Ludowa was a Polish underground partisan organization, which was active in the generalgouvernement and areas of Poland annexed to the Reich. It was created in 1944-01-01 by the Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish Workers’ Party). Michał Rola-Żymierski had the command of the Armia Ludowa. In terms of the decree establishing the AL, all Polish armed forces, both in Poland and abroad, were to be subordinated to the authority of Rola-Żymierski. AL drew its inspiration from the Polish Communist Party, and about 5.000 Soviet nationals fought in its ranks. The estimate is that the total of part...

  16. Úřad československého delegáta v komisi pro stíhání válečných zločinců

    • Office of the Czechoslovak delegate in the United Nations Commission for Prosecution of War Criminals
    • Úřad československého delegáta u mezinárodního vojenského soudu v Norimberku
    • Office of the Czechoslovak delegate at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg

    The creator of the fonds, the Office of the Czechoslovak delegate in the United Nations Commission for Prosecution of War Criminals (from 1945 known as the Office of the Czechoslovak delegate at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg) was founded in 1943 and its goal was to represent Czechoslovakia in the commission, to cooperate internationally on investigations and to take actions against war criminals from Czechoslovak point of view. In the same time, the office also reported back to the Czechoslovak government and to the Ministry of Interior and Justice (records of interrogati...

  17. Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

    • German Workers’ Party

    Founded in 1919-01-05

    During the last year of the First World War a political circle was formed in Munich, consisting of factory workers, most of them employed at the railway repair shops. Its aims were to enlighten the workers about the war aim of Germany’s enemies and thus to counter socialist peace propaganda, and to fight the war profiteers. The guiding spirit of this small circle was Anton Drexler. He and other railroad workers eventually founded the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, which often held meetings in quarters of the Thule-Gesellschaft. In 1919, Hitler was sent by army intelligence to spy on the party and...

  18. Institut d’Étude des Questions Juives

    • Institute for the Study of Jewish Questions
    • IEQJ
    • IEQJE
    • Institut d’Étude des Questions Juives et Ethnoraciales

    1941-05/1943

    The Institut d’Étude des Questions Juives was founded in Paris in 1941-05, mostly funded by the SS, and headed by a bizarre character, Paul Sezille, a former colonial officer whose philosophy was that ‘the Jew must disappear for many future generations’. The pseudo-academic Institute was supposed to study and draw attention to all Jewish matters. It did this by organizing meetings addressed by anti-Jewish speakers, covering the walls of Paris with anti-Semitic posters and using issuing malevolent anti-Semitic pamphlets. The IEQJ was transformed in 1943 into the Institut d’Étude des Question...

  19. Consistoire Central des Israelites de France

    • Central Consistory of the Jews of France

    Founded in 1808

    Representative body of French Jewry, established in 1808, which was historically responsible for Jewish religious life in France. At first, the Consistoire leadership counseled French Jewry to cooperate with the anti-Jewish restrictions set in place by the Vichy government, in order to preserve their dignity. At the same time, the Consistoire protested against the racial laws, and opposed the establishment of the Union of French Jews, an organization set up by the Vichy government to represent French Jewry. The Consistoire was not dissolved by the Vichy authorities; throughout the war it ke...

  20. Badisches Finanzministerium

    • Baden Ministry of Finance

    Aus dem 1807 eingerichteten Finanzdepartement wurde 1808/09 das Finanzministerium geschaffen, das sich seinerseits in ein Staatswirtschafts- und Domänen-, ein Steuer- und ein Kassendepartement unterteilte. Zugleich kam dem Finanzministerium die oberste Leitung des Forst-, Berg- und Salinenwesens zu. Zuständigkeiten bestanden ebenfalls im Bereich des Fluß- und Straßenbaus. Die Verwaltung der Post und Eisenbahn erfolgte jedoch in den Jahren 1860-1881 durch das Handelsministerium, danach war die Eisenbahn 1893-1911 beim Ministerium des Großherzoglichen Hauses und der Auswärtigen Angelegenheite...