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Displaying items 1 to 20 of 83
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Holding Institution: Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára

  1. Képviselőház és nemzetgyűlés, 1861-1944: Elnöki és általános iratok

    • Lower House of Parliament and National Assembly, 1861-1944: Presidential and General Records

    The Lower House of the Hungarian Parliament was a centrally important stage for debates about the political behaviour, socioeconomic position and legal status of Jews in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The Hungarian Parliament was responsible for worsening anti-Semitic legislation in these years that gradually withdrew Jewish emancipation. The opinion that gained the upper hand in the parliamentary debates viewed Jews as a group opposed to the interests Hungariandom and was to define Jewry as a racial entity. The laws enacted gravely restricted the opportunities of Jewish citizens and incre...

  2. A kormányzói iroda iratai

    • Records of the Regent’s Cabinet Office

    In 1920, in order to facilitate the administrative work of the Regent of Hungary, new offices were established called the Cabinet Office, the Military Office and the Economic Office though the last of the three was soon merged into the Cabinet Office. A tiny fraction of their documents survived and many of the other materials of the Office of the Head of State was also destroyed. For the Cabinet Office, practically the only remaining documents are from the years 1945-46 and concern economic matters (K 588). The scope of these economic affairs was rather restricted as it concerned the salary...

  3. Kárpátaljai Kormányzói Biztos Hivatalának iratai (1939-1944)

    • Records of the Office of the Regent Commissioner for Carpatho-Ruthenia (1939-1944)

    One of the territories Hungary (re)acquired from Czechoslovakia around the time of the latter's destruction was Carpatho-Ruthenia (known also as Subcarpathian Rus′ or Kárpátalja in Hungarian). The largest part of this territory was not integrated into the Hungarian county system but acquired its own Regent Commissariat. The territory has special significance for the history of the Holocaust in Hungary. In 1941, when Carpatho-Ruthenia became a staging area of the Hungarian army during its attack on the Soviet Union, the region soon became the site of the first mass deportations from Hungary....

  4. A miniszterelnökség központilag iktatott és irattározott iratai (1867-1945)

    • Records of the Prime Minister’s Office (1867-1945)

    A whole row of Hungarian Prime Ministers and their offices have played notable roles in the history of anti-Semitism and the persecution of the Jews during the 1930s and 1940s. In Hungary, anti-Semitic initiatives, including anti-Semitic legislation, was often launched and even more often supported at this level. In 1944, following the entry of Nazi Germany into Hungary, it was the newly appointed government headed by Prime Minister Döme Sztójay that actively collaborated with the German Sonderkommando in the implementation of the mass deportations to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The Records of the ...

  5. Minisztertanácsi jegyzőkönyvek

    • Protocols of the Council of Ministers

    The Council of Ministers was the most important executive authority in Hungary before and during the Holocaust. It was composed of Ministers who could be substituted by leading Ministry officials. It was presided by the Head of State (Regent Horthy until 1944) or, in his absence, the Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers tended to hold its sessions once a week but occasionally more often than that. After 1920, proposals were pre-circulated, the Ministers only added their remarks at the meetings and debates could ensue. The Council of Ministers, originally established in the year of the A...

  6. Miniszterelnökség, Társadalompolitikai Osztály (1938-1941)

    • Records of the Prime Minister’s Office, Department of Social Policy (1938-1941)

    1938 was a significant moment of change in the history of inter-war Hungary as it brought the beginnings of war preparation, the first stage of successful border revision, the first generally applied anti-Semitic law but also an interrelated new phase in social policy. The collection of the Department of Social Policy at the Prime Minister’s Office from the years 1938 to 1941 contains a fragment of the papers created during the functioning of the Department of Social Policy and Propaganda as well as the Social Policy and National Policy (Nemzetpolitikai) Service. The collection also contain...

  7. Mentesítési osztály

    • Bureau of Exemptions

    In the years of anti-Semitic radicalization in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Hungarian legislation increasingly redefined the category of Jews in a racial manner. The definiton it adoped was in some respects stricted than the Nazi Nuremberg Laws of 1935. At the same time, under the German occupation of Hungary and the Holocaust in 1944, certain people defined and persecuted as Jews could be exempted. The major means of this was to acquire the status of an internationally protected person, which the neutral Embassies operating in Budapest at the time would grant. Next to this, there was al...

  8. Darányi Kálmán miniszterelnök iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Ministers and other governmental officials: Kálmán Darányi

    Kálmán Darányi (1886-1939) was a politician who served as Minister of Agriculture and later as Prime Minister of Hungary (1936-1938), replacing the deceased Gyula Gömbös. In March 1938, the program of Győr, a massive program of military and infrastructural development, was initiated under his premiership. The program was conceived by Béla Imrédy, Minister of Economic Coordination who was to become his immediate successor. At first pursuing balancing acts, Darányi clearly shifted to the right in the latter parts of his premiership. He was to initiate the First Anti-Jewish Law that was eventu...

  9. Gömbös Gyula miniszterelnöki iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Ministers and other governmental officials: Gyula Gömbös

    Gyula Gömbös (1886-1936) was a politician and soldier, member of the Hungarian Parliament, Minister of Defense (1929-1932) and eventually Prime Minister of Hungary (1932-1936). During the 1920s, Gömbös oscillated between the governing party led by Prime Minister István Bethlen and a more radical race protectionist platform. Upon becoming Prime Minister, Gömbös announced a wideranging plan of reorganization with the aim of establishing a more modern and rightist authoritarian state, opposing the more liberally oriented conservative elite in particular. He reformed the army by giving posts to...

  10. Imrédy Béla miniszterelnök iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Ministers and other governmental officials: Béla Imrédy

    Béla Imrédy (1890-1946), Director of the Hungarian National Bank, Minister of Finance, Minister of Economic Coordination and subsequently Prime Minister of Hungary between 1938 and 1939. The first anti-Jewish law was adopted during his premiership. He initiated the Second Anti-Jewish Law in late 1938 that was meant to further limit the socioeconomic opportunities of Hungarian Jews and aimed to reduce Jewish involvement to a mere 6%. The law was eventually to be adopted under his successor Pál Teleki. In 1940, Imrédy left the governing party to launch his radical rightist party Party of Hung...

  11. Teleki Pál miniszterelnök iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Ministers and other governmental officials: Pál Teleki

    The collection contains a fragment of the semi-official correspondence of Pál Teleki between 1924 and 1941 that relate to his diverse public activities and his second time as Prime Minister between 1939 and 1941. A large part of the collection concerns Transylvania. The collection also contains his correspondence regarding social questions, correspondence with other leading politicians, correspondence related to his scholarly life and his correspondence related to the boy scout movement.

  12. Bárdossy László miniszterelnök iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Minister László Bárdossy

    László Bárdossy (1890-1946) was a diplomat, politician, foreign minister and then Prime Minister of Hungary between 1941 and 1942. He introduced the so called Third Anti-Jewish Law in 1941, which closely resembled the racial definitions of the Nuremberg Laws, banning marriage as well as sexual intercourse between Jews and non-Jews. The infamous massacre of Kamenets-Podolsk in 1941 took place during his time in office when the deportation initiated by Hungarian authorities led to the first Nazi mass murder with over 10 000 Jewish victims. Moreover, Hungary entered the war against Yugoslavia ...

  13. Kállay Miklós miniszterelnök iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Ministers and other governmental officials: Miklós Kállay

    Miklós Kállay (1887-1967), politician, Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet of Gyula Gömbös who then served as Prime Minister of Hungary between 1942 and 1944. Kállay belonged among the more moderate members of the establishment but largely kept the ministers who served under his predecessor Bárdossy in their positions. His premiership was characterized by a new Hungarian foreign policy aimed at the cautious distancing of the country from Nazi Germany and the initiation of negotiations with the Western Allies, especially Great Britain. Hungary refused to deport its large Jewish population...

  14. Sztójay Döme miniszterelnöki iratai

    • Personal Files of Prime Ministers and other governmental officials: Döme Sztójay

    Döme Sztójay (1883-1946), politician, diplomat and soldier. Sztójay served as Hungarian ambassador in Nazi Germany between 1936 and 1944. Upon March 19, 1944, Horthy was to appoint him to be Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in the collaborationist government of Hungary. Sztójay held these function between March and August 1944 and was thus directly responsible for the mass deportations of close to half a million Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau during these months. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1946. The collection is a fragment of the semi-official correspondence of Döme...

  15. Magyar Belügyminisztérium, Elnöki iratok, 1938-1944

    • Records of the Executive Office of the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1938-1944 [Presidential]

    The collection consists of records handled by the Executive Office (Elnöki Osztály), which was the office of the Minister of Internal Affairs. These are the documents of parliamentary interpellations (e.g. by the Arrow-Cross MP Kálmán Hubay, or the anti-Nazi MP Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky) to the Minister, and his answers; reports to the Minister regarding the activities of Jewish individuals (e.g. the communist Endre Ságvári) and communities (e.g. the Jews of Békés county); issues concerning the citizenship of Jews, the 1941 round-up and deportation of the so called “stateless” Jews, the exemp...

  16. Magyar Belügyminisztérium, Rezervált iratok, 1938-1944

    • Records of the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, Classified Documents, 1938-1944

    MOL K 149 PTI contains monthly police reports for more than sixty cities; Intelligence on rightists (e.g., Arrow Cross) and leftists (e.g., Social-Democrats and Communists); various nationalities (Ruthenians, Germans, Slovaks, and others); religious sects (e.g., Jehovah’s Witnesses); and Jews, including refugees from Slovakia; Secret reports on public opinion generally and among suspect groups in particular about political, military, and economic affairs.

  17. Magyar Belügyminisztérium iratai, 1938-1944

    • Records of the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1938-1944

    This collection contains documents regarding the implementation of anti-Jewish legislation in Hungary as well as instructions given to various levels of public administration regarding Jewish matters in the years of worsening anti-Semitic discrimination prior to the mass deportations. Other records document disciplinary actions taken in extra-judicial ways. Moreover, the collection includes information on the processing of passports, repatriations and grievances and has records on the policy adopted toward Hungarian citizens residing abroad and non-citizens residing in Hungary. MOL K 150 P ...

  18. Кozma Miklós iratai (1897-1941)

    • Papers of Miklós Kozma (1897-1941)

    Miklós Kozma (1884-1941), director of Magyar Távirati Iroda (the Hungarian News Agency, MTI), Minister of the Interior, Governor of Kárpátalja. Kozma served as an army general during the First World War and began his public career as a member of the National Counterrevolutionary Army of 1919. He was the Head of Department for National Defense and Propaganda at the Supreme Commander and later served as the rapporteur for military affairs at the Military Office of the Regent. In 1920, Kozma was appointed head of the semi-official Bureau of the News Agency (even though the News Agency was oper...

  19. Külföldieket Ellenőrző Országos Központi Hatóság Elnöki iratok, 1936-1944

    • Records of the Central National Authority for Controlling Foreigners Presidential Records, 1936-1944

    KEOKH records are relevant for the study of anti-Semitic radicalization and the Holocaust in Hungary for two chief reasons: it typically suspected foreigners and its reports on the raid it held tend to list the number of Jews concerned and expelled. In certain cases, so called Ostjuden are mentioned separately in these reports. Second, in 1941, KEOKH initiated and implemented the deportation of Jews from Hungary who could not prove their citizenship to newly occupied Galicia. This Hungarian anti-Jewish action eventually led to the first Nazi mass murder with over 10 000 victims. The collect...

  20. Külföldieket Ellenőrző Országos Központi Hatóság Reservált iratok 1933-1944

    • Records of the National Central Authority for Controlling Foreigners Classified Records, 1933-1944

    KEOKH records are relevant for the study of anti-Semitic radicalization and the Holocaust in Hungary for two chief reasons: it typically suspected foreigners and its reports on the raid it held tend to list the number of Jews concerned and expelled. In certain cases, so called Ostjuden are mentioned separately in these reports. Second, in 1941, KEOKH initiated and implemented the deportation of Jews from Hungary who could not prove their citizenship to newly occupied Galicia. This Hungarian anti-Jewish action eventually led to the first Nazi mass murder with over 10 000 victims. The collect...