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Displaying items 81 to 100 of 1,285
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  1. Watercolor painting of farm fields given to an UNRRA official

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    Watercolor painting of farm fields in the German countryside, painted by artist Richard Kiwit (or Kivit) and gifted to Rachel Greene Rottersman, director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Aglasterhausen Children’s Center, in Unterschwarzach, Germany. Richard Kiwit was a well-known Estonian illustrator who moved to Germany in 1944. His daughter, Dagmar Elisabeth Kiwit (later Moder), was a pediatrician, and following the war worked as a Medical Officer at Aglasterhausen Children’s Center. The children’s center opened in October 1945, and employed UNRRA per...

  2. Shanghai Volunteer Corps nightstick issued to a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Ernest G. Heppner collection

    Wooden truncheon issued to Ernst (Ernest) Heppner, in late 1940, as a member of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps (SVC). Founded in 1854, the SVC was under the command of British officers and reinforced the International Settlement’s municipal police. He became a driver for the transport company. Even though he had no prior driving experience, Ernst passed his test at the end of 1940. Ernst was living in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), with his parents, Isidor and Hilda, his half-sister, Else, and near his half-brother, Heinz. Following the Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938, and Hein...

  3. Painting of a large estate given to an UNRRA official

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    Watercolor painting of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Aglasterhausen Children’s Center, in Unterschwarzach (now Schwarzach), Germany, painted by artist Richard Kiwit (or Kivit) and gifted to Rachel Greene Rottersman, director of Aglasterhausen. Richard Kiwit was a well-known Estonian illustrator who moved to Germany in 1944. His daughter, Dagmar Elisabeth Kiwit (later Moder), was a pediatrician, and following the war worked as a Medical Officer at Aglasterhausen Children’s Center. The children’s center opened in October 1945, and employed UNRRA personnel...

  4. Floral evening dress with purple slip worn to the Celebration Ball on the ill-fated voyage of the MS St. Louis

    1. Liesl Joseph Loeb collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn512916
    • English
    • a: Height: 52.750 inches (133.985 cm) | Width: 13.500 inches (34.29 cm) b: Height: 50.500 inches (128.27 cm) | Width: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm)

    Evening gown worn by Lilly Joseph on board the MS St. Louis for the Celebration and Ball on June 13, 1939. She had the gown made for the voyage, and she wore it only once, for the Celebration held the evening the passengers learned that they did not have to return to Nazi Germany. During the Kristallnacht pogrom, November 9-10, 1938, vandals broke into the Joseph home in Rheydt, Germany. Lilly and her 10 year old daughter, Liesl, hid on the third floor and her husband Joseph was arrested. He was released on the condition that he leave the country. The family sailed on the Hamburg-Amerika lu...

  5. Military blouse, trousers, and General Service Cap worn by a Dutch Jewish corporal in the Prinses Irene Brigade

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn90157
    • English
    • a: Height: 21.000 inches (53.34 cm) | Width: 15.125 inches (38.418 cm) b: Height: 27.875 inches (70.803 cm) | Width: 14.500 inches (36.83 cm) c: Height: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Width: 10.500 inches (26.67 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)

    Military blouse, pants, and General Service Cap worn by Jack Grootkerk, 29, who served in the Dutch Free Forces, Prinses Irene Brigade from September 1942 to September 1945. The Brigade was formed in England in 1941 by the Dutch government in exile and Dutch Army personnel who had escaped German occupied Europe. The unit wore British battledress uniforms with Dutch insignia. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. In December 1941, Jack was told to report for forced labor in Germany. He and his brother Erich fled to France and Spain, and were interned several times. In fall 1942, ...

  6. Watercolor painting of a children’s home given to an UNRRA official

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    Watercolor painting by Richard Kiwit (or Kivit) and gifted to Rachel Greene Rottersman, director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Aglasterhausen Children’s Center, in Unterschwarzach, Germany. The painting depicts the third floor balconies of the living quarters for Rachel and Joseph Rottersman and Dr. Dagmar Kiwit. These buildings also housed the infant nursery, a gym, and a chapel. Richard Kiwit was a well-known Estonian illustrator who moved to Germany in 1944. His daughter, Dagmar Elisabeth Kiwit (later Moder), was a pediatrician, and following the ...

  7. Embroidered priest's stole owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    Catholic priest's vestment with French style spade ends owned by Richard Pfifferling. Richard was Jewish and how and when he acquired the stole is not known. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Dresden, Germany; his brothers to England and Argentina and Richard, in September 1939, to the United States. Their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz i...

  8. Pametni Medaile Ceskoslovenska Armada V Zahranici (Czechoslovak Army Abroad) awarded to a Czech Jewish soldier

    1. Frank Meissner collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn44079
    • English
    • 1939-1945
    • a: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm)

    Commemorative medal for the Czechoslovak Army Abroad 1939-1945 with ribbon and pin awarded to Franz Meissner for his service from 1944-1945 with the Czech Air Force for the government in exile based in Great Britain. The medal was awarded to those Czechoslovaks who were outside their country at the time of the German invasion, or subsequently escaped abroad, and joined Allied forces or all-Czechoslovak units. Franz arrived in England in September 1944. He was told that if he wanted refuge and a Czech passport, he had to volunteer for the Czech government in exile army. He served in the Roya...

  9. Nazi Party Labor Day pin given to a US soldier by Hermann Göring

    Nazi Party Labor Day 1934 pin, likely given to Lieutenant Jack Wheelis by Herman Göring during his imprisonment at Nuremberg from 1945-1946. Labor Day (also known as May Day) takes place on May 1 to celebrate laborers and the working classes. In April 1933, after the Nazi party took control of the German government, May 1 was appropriated as the “Day of National Work,” with all celebrations organized by the government. On May 2, the Nazi party banned all independent trade-unions, bringing them under state control of the German Labor Front. Soon after the defeat of Nazi Germany in May 1945,...

  10. Deutsches Land boxed card deck carried by a Kindertransport refugee

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn88306
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) b: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) c-ax: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm)

    Deutsches Land [German Country] boxed quartet card game taken with Ellen Fass, 10, in 1939 when she and her brother Gerhard, 5, left Germany on a July 1939 Kindertransport to Great Britain. After Hitler assumed power in 1933, Jews suffered under increasingly punitive restrictions. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Ellen’s father Georg was arrested and sent to Sachenhausen concentration camp. After his release in December, he and Ellen’s mother, Nanette, tried to immigrate to the United States or South America, but could not get visas. They arranged for Ellen and her brother to be s...

  11. Watercolor painting of a street scene given to an UNRRA official

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    Watercolor painting of a bridge and road to the village of Unterschwarzach, painted by artist Richard Kiwit (or Kivit) and gifted to Rachel Greene Rottersman, director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Aglasterhausen Children’s Center, in Unterschwarzach, Germany. Richard Kiwit was a well-known Estonian illustrator who moved to Germany in 1944. His daughter, Dagmar Elisabeth Kiwit (later Moder), was a pediatrician, and following the war worked as a Medical Officer at Aglasterhausen Children’s Center. The children’s center opened in October 1945, and empl...

  12. White silk tallit with black stripes brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    White silk tallit with black stripes brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the tallit, or prayer shawl, and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in August ...

  13. Woodcut portrait of Leo Baeck owned by a Jewish Polish girl

    1. Julie Keefer family collection

    Woodcut portrait of Leo Baeck, owned by Julie Keefer, a Jewish Polish girl who was in hiding during the Holocaust with her grandfather. Baeck was a Rabbi and intellectual theologian who emerged as an important symbolic and political leader of German Jewry before and during World War II. Baeck helped other Jews emigrate from Germany and fought for Jewish rights. In 1943 he was deported to Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto labor camp, where he gave lectures on philosophy and religion and became a leader among the camp’s Jews. In June 1941, when Julie was two months old, her hometown, Lvov, Pola...

  14. Drawing of a sleeping seminude woman by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn109
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 8.875 inches (22.543 cm)

    Sketch of a sleeping, topless woman at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish ref...

  15. Watercolor painting of a children’s home given to an UNRRA official

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    Watercolor painting of the view from balcony of Dagmar Kiwit’s room, painted by her father, artist Richard Kiwit (or Kivit) and gifted to Rachel Greene Rottersman, director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Aglasterhausen Children’s Center, in Unterschwarzach, Germany. Richard Kiwit was a well-known Estonian illustrator who moved to Germany in 1944. Dagmar Elisabeth Kiwit (later Moder), was a pediatrician, and following the war, worked as a Medical Officer at Aglasterhausen Children’s Center. The children’s center opened in October 1945, and employed UNR...

  16. White wool tallit with black stripes brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    White wool tallit with black stripes brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left from Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the tallit, or prayer shawl, and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in Au...

  17. Pair of tefillin with an embroidered green velvet bag used by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Frank Meissner family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn37631
    • English
    • a: Height: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Width: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) b: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) c: Height: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)

    Tefillin set and green velvet storage pouch used by Franz Meissner who left Czechoslovakia for Denmark in October 1939. Tefillin are small boxes that contain prayers that are attached to leather straps and worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. Franz, age 16, left Trest in October 1939 because of the increasing persecution of Jews as Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany and its allies. With the encouragement of his family, he left for Denmark with Youth Aliyah, a organization that helped people to emigrate to Palestine. In 1943, the Germans began to deport all Jews ...

  18. Drawing of a sleeping seminude woman sleeping on her side by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn110
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm) | Width: 8.625 inches (21.908 cm)

    Sketch of a sleeping, seminude woman at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish re...

  19. Watercolor painting of a crowd gathered in front of a decorative building in Vittel internment camp acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the package line in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), where s...

  20. UNRRA red cloth patch with acronym worn by a refugee aid worker

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Patch worn by Michel Shadur when he worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Germany from 1945-1947. He worked as a supply officer for the Wurttemburg district and as a director of a displaced persons camp for Jewish refugees in Backnang. Michel left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it difficult and dangerous to live and work there. His wife, their 2 children, 8 year old Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. However, after the Germans occupied Belgiu...