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Displaying items 10,221 to 10,240 of 10,553
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Language of Description: English

  1. Leather belt taken from an SS storeroom at a concentration camp and worn by a Hungarian Jewish inmate after liberation

    1. Steven Vogel collection

    Leather belt taken from an SS storeroom at Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, by Steven (István) Vogel and worn for two days after liberation on May 5, 1945. Steven, an only child, grew up in Budapest, Hungary, with his parents Edmond and Vilma. In September 1939, during Steven’s last year of high school, Germany began World War II by invading Poland. In November 1940, Hungary officially joined the Axis alliance and began fighting alongside Germany. Initially, the alliance had little impact on Steven’s life, and he began law school in 1941. In February 1944, his father, Edmond, passe...

  2. Łódź ghetto scrip, 2 mark note, in 3 pieces acquired by Polish Jewish survivor

    1. Edgar Gaerber collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn521953
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) b: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm)

    Łódź (Litzmannstadt) Ghetto scrip, receipt value of 2 (zwei) marks acquired by Edgar Gaerber, possibly when his family moved to Łódź in 1945. Ed, age 10, and his parents Dr. Bernard and Fanka Gaerber fled Lvov, Poland (L'viv, Ukraine] during the invasion by Germany in September 1939. The Soviet Union invaded from the east and the invaders divided the country; L'vov was in Soviet territory. In June 1941, Germany retook the region. The German occupation was brutal. Thousands of Jews were murdered in pogroms by local Ukrainians. In late 1941, Ed and his family had to relocate to the ghetto. In...

  3. Study of a clothed male in a chair by Jewish veteran, 2nd Polish Corps

    1. Edward Herzbaum Hartry collection

    Pencil sketch of a young man seated in a chair created by Edward Herzbaum in life drawing classes in August/September 1949 when he was traveling in France. During the war, Edward was a soldier in the Polish Army of the East which became the 2nd Polish Corps, British Army, from 1941-1945. Edward, 19, left Łódź, Poland, shortly after Nazi Germany occupied the country in September 1939 to stay with family in Soviet controlled Lvov. In June 1940, he was arrested by Soviet security police and exiled to a forced labor camp. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Edward was released as par...

  4. Henry Zguda papers

    1. Henry Zguda collection

    The Henry Zguda papers include biographical material, correspondence, publications, subject files, and photographs relating to Henry’s experience in Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Flossenberg, and Dachau concentration camps as well as material relating to his immigration to the United States through Poland and Belgium, and attempts to establish a life in New York. This collection also includes restitution files for damages and medical claims. Biographical materials include Henry’s United Nations refugee card, Polish ID card, Polish military ID card, Committee of Physical Culture instructor card, an...

  5. Book

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection

    Book, The Casuarina Tree, read by Pastor Martin Niemoeller, and signed by him, while he was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1941-1945. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new govern...

  6. All Our Yesterdays [Book]

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection

    Book, All Our Yesterdays, read by Pastor Martin Niemoeller, and signed by him, while he was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1941-1945. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new govern...

  7. Book

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection

    Book, Lover's Leap, read by Pastor Martin Niemoeller, and signed by him, while he was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1941-1945. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new government w...

  8. Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto scrip, 2 mark note acquired by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Łódź scrip valued at 2 marks that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. The scrip was issued in the Jewish ghetto in Łódź, renamed Litzmannstadt by the Germans after occupying the city in September 1939. When the Germans transferred Jews to the ghetto, they confiscated all currency in exchange for Quittungen [receipts] that could be spent only inside the ghetto. The scrip was designed by the Judenrat [Jewish Council] and includes traditional Jewish symbols. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, La...

  9. Black textured leather trifold wallet used by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Black leather wallet with three pockets that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in the fall of 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladislav's father Juliu...

  10. Leather wallet with an embossed floral design used by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Embossed leather billfold that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in November 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria and, in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladislav's father Julius and his sisters...

  11. Hungarian 5 pengo paper note issued by the Soviet Army owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Soviet Army occupation currency, value Öt (five) pengo, that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. The note was issued by the Soviet Army during its occupation of Hungary in 1944. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen ...

  12. Mexico, paper currency, 1 peso owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Mexican one peso bank note issued in January 1945 that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladislav's father ...

  13. Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 1 koruna coin owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 1 koruna coin that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. It was issued in 1944 in the region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Nazi Germany in March 1939. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskir...

  14. Kingdom of Hungary 20 filler coin acquired by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Hungarian 20 filler coin dated 1941 acquired by Ladislav Glattstein presumably during the war. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in the fall of 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladisl...

  15. Republic of Czechoslovakia 5 korun coin owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Five korun coin owned by Ladislav Glattstein. It was issued by the prewar, independent Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1938. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in the fall of 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by the US Third...

  16. Republic of Czechoslovakia 1 korun coin owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Czech 1 korun coin that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. It was issued by the prewar, independent Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1922. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in the fall of 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp. The camp was liberated by t...

  17. Brown alligator wallet carried by a Hungarian Jewish youth while a forced laborer and concentration camp inmate

    1. Larry Gladstone family collection

    Alligator wallet with laced edges carried by Ladislav Glattstein during his forced labor service and internment in several concentration camps from 1942-1945. He received it in 1938 from an uncle who was visiting from the US. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), which was annexed by Hungary in the fall of 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp i...

  18. Cantor’s black tufted hat worn by a Hungarian rabbi

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection

    Cantor’s hat worn during services by Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi, who served as co-chief rabbi of Hungary between 1943 and 1946. The cantor (hazan or chazzan) is the synagogue’s professional prayer leader. Ferenc joined the Dohany Street synagogue as a rabbi when he moved with his wife, Magda, and daughter, Eva, to Budapest in 1930. When his father, Rabbi Simon Hevesi, died in 1943, Ferenc succeeded him as co-chief rabbi of Hungary. Hungary was allied with Germany, but when the Hungarian government began seeking a ceasefire with the Allies, the German army occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944. Afterw...

  19. Striped silk tallit worn by a Hungarian rabbi

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection

    Tallit owned by Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi, who served as co-chief rabbi in Hungary between 1943 and 1946. A tallit is a specialized shawl worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. Ferenc joined the Dohany Street synagogue as a rabbi when he moved with his wife, Magda, and daughter, Eva, to Budapest in 1930. When his father, Rabbi Simon Hevesi, died in 1943, Ferenc succeeded him as co-chief rabbi of Hungary. Hungary was allied with Germany, but when the Hungarian government began seeking a ceasefire with the Allies, the German army occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944. Afterward, Ferenc ...

  20. White kittel used by Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi on High Holidays

    1. Ferenc Hevesi family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn3321
    • English
    • 1922-1952
    • a: Height: 48.500 inches (123.19 cm) | Width: 21.250 inches (53.975 cm) b: Height: 75.000 inches (190.5 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm)

    White kittel with belt for high holiday services, brought by Rabbi Ferenc Hevesi from Budapest, Hungary, to New York City in the fall of 1946. The white color represents the angelic purity that wearers hope to achieve through prayer. Kittels are often worn as burial shrouds, though Ferenc’s unexpected death prevented this. Ferenc joined the Dohany Street synagogue as a rabbi when he moved with his wife, Magda, and daughter, Eva, to Budapest in 1930. When his father, Rabbi Simon Hevesi, died in 1943, Ferenc succeeded him as co-chief rabbi of Hungary. Hungary was allied with Germany, but when...