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Displaying items 10,201 to 10,220 of 10,553
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Language of Description: English

  1. VT hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly, became involve...

  2. C.I.-6-43 hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly, became involve...

  3. Charbon hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp with Charbon 1942-1943 made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. The stamp likely was used to forge coal ration cards. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, L...

  4. Villeneuve-sur-Lot town hall stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. It is a town hall stamp for Villeneuve-sur-Lot in the Lot-et-Garonne department. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, R...

  5. Bois 1942 hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp with Bois 1942 made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly,...

  6. Police commissioner stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit police commissioner hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife N...

  7. Murianette town hall stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents for the French resistance. It is a town hall stamp for Murianette near Grenoble in southern France. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert...

  8. Honor Cross of the World War 1914/1918 ribbon awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Marion Freyer Wolff collection

    WWI service ribbon, known as the Hindenburg Cross, awarded to Leo Freyer, a German Jewish veteran of the Austro-Hungarian Army, World War I. The medal was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934 to honor German participants of the Great War. Individuals had to apply to the government to receive the medal. It was the only medal issued by the Third Reich to honor veterans of that war. As the Nazi dictatorship increased its persecution of Jews after coming to power in 1933, Leo decided to leave the country with his wife, Eva, and their 2 daughters, Ulla, then 12, and Marion, 8. He...

  9. Honor Cross of the World War 1914/1918 non-combatant veteran service medal awarded to a German Jewish soldier

    1. Marion Freyer Wolff collection

    WWI service medal, known as the Hindenburg Cross, awarded to Leo Freyer, a German Jewish veteran of the Austro-Hungarian Army, World War I. The medal was established by President von Hindenburg in July 1934 to honor German participants of the Great War. Individuals had to apply to the government to receive the medal. This versions of the medal, without crossed swords, was awarded to noncombatants. It was the only medal issued by the Third Reich to honor veterans of that war. As the Nazi dictatorship increased its persecution of Jews after coming to power in 1933, Leo decided to leave the co...

  10. Yellow cloth strip sewn to a slave laborer's uniform to identify her as a Jew

    1. Gisela E. Zamora collection

    Yellow strip of cloth from the uniform worn by 16 year old Gisela Zamora when she was a slave laborer at Maerzdorf concentration camp from October 1944 to May 1945. The strip was sewn to the back of her uniform to identify her as a Jew. It may have had a red triangle painted on it. Gisela, her parents, Berthold and Bertha, and her brother Norbert, age 12, were deported from Battenberg, Germany, to Ghetto Theresienstadt in September 1942. The family was transported in August 1944 to Auschwitz concentration camp where Gisela was separated from them and sent to Birkenau. In October, she was sh...

  11. Iron Cross, 2nd class, 2 ribbons, and box awarded to a German Jewish soldier for bravery in WWI

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523076
    • English
    • 1914-1918
    • a: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) c: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) d: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.302 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm)

    Iron Cross 2nd Class medal awarded to Moritz Henschel for his bravery on August 14, 1915, on the Italian front in World War I (1914-1918.) Moritz was an influential lawyer in Berlin when Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. As government persecution of Jews intensified, Moritz and Hildegard sent their daughters Marianne, 15, to Palestine and Lilly, 13, to England in 1939. Moritz was on the board of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, created by the Nazi government in February 1939 to organize Jewish affairs. The Association was eventually forced to assist with deportations...

  12. Föhrenwald displaced persons camp January ration card issued to a Polish Jewish concentration camp survivor

    1. Dr. Kasriel Eilender collection

    Unused ration coupon for January issued to Kasriel Ejlender in Fohrenwald displaced persons camp in Germany, where he lived from circa 1945-1948. After Germany invaded Soviet territory in June 1941, eighteen year old Kasriel and his family had to move into the Jewish ghetto in Dereczyn, Poland. In May 1942, Kasriel was deported to a German labor camp in Mogilev. For the next three years, he was transferred to a series of concentration camps: Majdanek, Płaszów, Gross-Rosen, and Langenbielau. He was liberated in spring 1945 by Soviet forces. He worked as a translator for the Soviet Army and w...

  13. Seydlitz Kurassier Officer of the Castle Guard Garde du Corps Allach porcelain figure given to a US Army doctor by recently liberated prisoners of Dachau

    1. Joseph A. Witter collection

    Porcelain figure of a Garde du Corps (Bodyguard) produced by slave labor, and given to United States Army surgeon Joseph Witter by former prisoners of Dachau concentration camp. The Porzellan-Manufaktur Allach (PMA) was founded in 1935 in the Munich suburb of Allach. It produced decorative porcelain pieces with the goal of developing a new echelon of German artistic taste. The factory quickly became a pet-project of SS Reichsführer (Reich leader) Heinrich Himmler, who eventually took control took of 45 percent of the output and often gifted figures to various SS officials and friends. One o...

  14. Musketeer Allach porcelain figure given to a US Army doctor by recently liberated prisoners of Dachau

    1. Joseph A. Witter collection

    Porcelain figure of a Musketeer produced by slave labor, and given to United States Army surgeon Joseph Witter by former prisoners of Dachau concentration camp. The Porzellan Manufaktur Allach (PMA) was founded in 1935 in the Munich suburb of Allach. It produced decorative porcelain pieces with the goal of developing a new echelon of German artistic taste. The factory quickly became a pet-project of SS Reichsführer (Reich leader) Heinrich Himmler, who eventually took control of 45 percent of the output and often gifted figures to various SS officials and friends. One of the popular series i...

  15. Leather billfold used by a German Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany to Canada

    1. Jacob G. Wiener collection

    Billfold owned by Josef Zwienicki at the time of his emigration from Germany in 1939. Josef, his wife, and four children lived in Bremen as the Nazis rose to power. It was a predominantly non-Jewish city and there was popular support for increasingly punitive restrictions enacted against the Jewish population. On Kristallnacht in November 9-10, 1938, his wife, Selma, was shot and killed in their home by rioters. Josef appealed for help from relatives abroad. A cousin in Canada arranged for Josef and his four children, Avraham, Gerd (Jacob), Benno, and Liesel, to come to Canada as refugees. ...

  16. Leo Haas sketch of SS labor camp guard Schrader

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink sketch of SS officer Schrader drawn by Leo Haas, while a prisoner in Nisko forced labor camp. Leo Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist Party member. He was deported to Nisko in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the wretched conditions of daily life in the camp. In summer of 1944, they were accused by the Gestapo of...

  17. Leo Haas sketch of SS labor camp guard Wolters

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink sketch of SS officer Wolters drawn by Leo Haas, while a prisoner in Nisko forced labor camp. Leo Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist Party member. He was deported to Nisko in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the wretched conditions of daily life in the camp. In summer of 1944, they were accused by the Gestapo of ...

  18. Leo Haas sketch of SS labor camp guard Siemen

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink sketch of SS officer Siemen drawn by Leo Haas, while a prisoner in Nisko forced labor camp. Leo Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a member of the Communist Party. He was deported to Nisko in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the wretched conditions of daily life in the camp. In summer of 1944, they were accused by the Gesta...

  19. Leo Haas drawing of concentration camp inmates lined up for roll call

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Ink drawing created by Leo Haas depicting prisoner roll call at Mauthausen concentration camp where he was an inmate in spring 1945. For another version of this drawing see 2003.202.16. Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist Party member. He was deported to Nisko labor camp in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to do forced labor. In September 1942, he was sent to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp, where he became part of a tight knit group of artists determined to secretly document the condit...

  20. Shirt taken from an SS storeroom at a concentration camp by a Hungarian Jewish inmate and worn after liberation

    1. Steven Vogel collection

    Men’s long-sleeved shirt taken from an SS storeroom at Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, by Steven (István) Vogel and worn for two days after liberation on May 5, 1945. Steven, an only child, grew up in Budapest, Hungary, with his parents Edmond and Vilma. In September 1939, during Steven’s last year of high school, Germany began World War II by invading Poland. In November 1940, Hungary officially joined the Axis alliance and began fighting alongside Germany. Initially, the alliance had little impact on Steven’s life, and he began law school in 1941. In February 1944, his father, E...